87
saministroebSi samuSaod, rogorc ufrosebad, ufrosis moadgileebad
an mrCevlebad.
1714 wels karlos XII dabrunda TurqeTidan SvedeTSi da
mowadinebuli iyo, gaegrZelebina ruseTTan omi, magram 1718 wels mas
TavSi esrola Tavisive meomarma, SvedeTnorvegiis omis dros. ase rom,
1721 wels niStadtis mSvidobis zavis Nyshtad Peace Semdeg, rodesac
fineTi daubrunda SvedeTs, petre didi rogorc iqna Semobrunda
samxreTaRmosavleTisken.
am mimarTulebiT ruseTma ori saukuniT adre wamoiwyo TamaSi 1552
wels yazanis da 1557 wels astraxanis SemoerTebis Semdgom. 1587 wels
ruseTma mWidro urTierToba daamyara yabardosa da daRestanTan da
Tergamde miaRwia. mosalodneli safrTxis gaTvaliswinebiT, osmaleb
ma da yirimelebma Zlieri reagireba moaxdines sastiki ieriSis mita
niT yabardoze, romelic ruseTis axlo mokavSire iyo, da gadmoibires
daRestani, rogorc TurqeTis mxardamWeri qveyana. 1604 wels boris
godunovma wamoiwyo Seteva daRestanis gavliT, raTa gaerTianebuliyo
iranTan, TurqeTis winaaRmdeg, rac samxedro katastrofiT dasrulda
da ruseTma droebiT evropisken icvala gezi.
axla petre informirebuli iyo gagarinis mier Sua aziis xivis
daujerebeli simdidris Sesaxeb, TiTqos oqro Tavisuflad moipoveba
aralis zRvaSi Camdinare mdinaris oqros qviSebidan. petre Is
ukiduresad esaWiroeboda oqro. 1716 wels 7000 kaciani armia gaigzavna
Cerqezi ufliswulis bekoviCis Cherkess Prince Bekovich (Giray) meTaurobiT
centralur aziaSi, TurqmeneTSi, samomavlo gegmiT, rom daemyarebina
pirdapiri savaWro kavSiri indoeTTan, mugalis imperiasTan. ufliswuli
aleqsandre bekoviCCerkaski, warmoSobiT Cerqeziyabardoeli, iyo
rusebis oficeri, romelic dabadebidan muslimi iyo, mere moeqca
qristianobaze da daiwyo ruseTSi samsaxuri. 1707 wels petre Ima daavala
navigaciis ganxriT ganaTleba mieRo evropaSi. axla rusebis jarma win
waiwia xivaSi da adgilobrivi xanis 24 000 jari ver uwevda winaaRmdegobas.
magram mogvianebiT xanma Tavi moaCvena, TiTqos neba darTo rusebs
Semosvlaze da daarwmuna isini, gayofiliyvnen 5 damoukidebel razmad,
raTa sxvadasxva qalaqSi dabinavebuliyvnen. xivelebma ieriSi miitanes
xuTive qalaqze miyolebiT, amoxoces rusebis umetesoba, sxvebi monebad
gayides da sikvdiliT dasajes yvela rusi oficeri, ufliswul Cerkaskis
CaTvliT. petre didma veraferi gaakeTa SurisZiebisTvis, vinaidan Cabmuli
iyo CrdiloeTis omSi. mxolod erTi saukunis Semdeg ganaaxles rusebma
samxedro eqspedicia centralur aziaSi.
6 wlis Semdeg, 1722 wels petrem, bolos da bolos, daiwyo kampania
kavkasiaSi im mizniT, rom `daecva sparseTis Sahi avRanelebisgan~.
88
petre meuRlesTan erTad xelmZRvanelobda kavkasiisken mimarTul
22 000iani qveiTi jaris eqspedicias, veteranebs, romlebic mTeli im
xnis manZilze ibrZodnen SvedeTis omSi, 9000 draguns, 7000 kazaks, yal
muxebs da TaTrebs. maxaCkalas ewoda petrovski, am kampaniis aRsaniSna
vad. astraxanidan misma jarma kaspiis flotiT derbentSi gadainacvla.
mxedrebis nawili gamoeyo, raTa daepyroT enderis Enderee sofeli,
magram CeCnebma isini ukuagdnen. es iyo pirveli SemTxveva, rodesac
ruseTis SeiaraRebul Zalebma am tomTan iqonia urTierToba. petrem
gadawyvita gaegrZelebia winsvla da agvistoSi misi jari Sevida
derbentSi, romlis xanis Zalaufleba TariRdeba daRestanSi arabebis
batonobidan, me8 saukunedan, anu aTas wels aRemateboda. mefis derben
tSi Sesvlis dros mcire miwisZvra moxda da petrem daiyvira `kedlebic
ki unda caxcaxebdnen Cemi Zalis winaSe!~ magram kaspiis zRvis Stormis
Sedegad, romelmac rusuli floti gaanadgura, Sewyda momarageba da
jari gaecala iqaurobas. 13 dekembers petres jari triumfiT Sevida
moskovSi.
kavkasiaSi petrem naxa kavkasiis didi kedeli. iseTi rogoricaa
kaledoniis kedeli britaneTSi da CineTis kedeli, romelic aRmarTuli
iyo kaspiis zRvidan Sav zRvamde, im mizniT, rom daecva civilizebuli
samxreTis mosaxleoba CrdiloeTis veluri xalxisgan. samwuxarod,
amJamad es kedeli TiTqmis dangreulia da mxolod cotam Tu icis misi
arsebobis Sesaxeb. aleqsandre diumam moinaxula es adgili kavkasiaSi
vizitis dros, sanam bolomde ganadgurdeboda, da moxibluli iyo aseul
kilometriani kedliT, romelic aaSenes adgilobrivebma, aqamenideli
sparselebis (an aleqsandre didi makedonelis) meTaurobiT, ori aTasi
wlis win.
magram ukan daxevamde, petrem noemberSi gagzavna polkoniki
Sepofi Colonel Shepoff eqspediciasTan erTad kaspiisken da aliansis
xelSekruleba qarTvelebis mimarT kargad ganwyobili axalgazrda Sah
TasmasfTan Shah Tahmasp erTad xelmoweril iqna, raTa daecvaT avRaneli
dampyroblebisgan da gaeZlierebinaT igi taxtis SesanarCuneblad. mom
devno 1723 wels generalma maTiuSkinma aiRo baqo, Sirvanis sparseTis
provinciebi, gilani, mazandrani da astrabedi. magram nadir Sahis
gadatrialebis wyalobiT sparseTi kvlav mtrad iqca. aTi wlis Semdeg,
1732 wels imperatrisa anam moulodnelad daubruna sparseTs yvela
dapyrobili teritoria mtkvridan samxreTiT, baqos CaTvliT, derben
tic da daRestanic ki, reStisa da ganjis xelSekrulebis mixedviT Resht
and Ganja treaty 1735 wels. aman SesaZlebloba misca nadirs ieriSi mietana
indoeTsa da kandaharze 1738 wels.
89
ruseTis Seteva samxreTisken
vaxtang VI iyo bagrationTa qristiani
warmomadgeneli 170324 wlebSi, rodesac
gamahmadianebuli mmarTvelebi (misi biZa
giorgi XIgurgen xani George XIGurgin Khan da
misi Zma qaixosro Kaikhosrow) iranis samsaxurSi
iyvnen an iranSi, an avRaneTSi. am wlebis
ganmavlobaSi man farTo reformebi gaatara,
gamoacocxla ekonomika da kultura. iezuiti
orientalisti, mama Tadeoz krusinski Father
Tadeusz Krusinski, moRvaweobda rogorc samefo
mdivani, romelic exmareboda vaxtang VIs.
magram 1711 wels Sahma daiJina, rom vaxtangs
unda mieRo islami, raTa daemtkicebinaT qarTlis mefed. man uari Tqva
amaze, amitom daapatimres da misma islamis mimdevarma Zmam daikava misi
adgili.
6 wliani tyveobis manZilze vaxtangma daxmareba iTxova qristiani
evropeli monarqebisgan. man gagzavna Tavisi biZa da maswavlebeli,
sulxan saba orbeliani, lui XIVTan safrangeTSi. mogvianebiT, pap
inokent XIII da Carlz VITvis miwerili werilebi TariRdeba 1722 wlis
29 noembriT, vaxtangma gamoaaSkarava, rom igi farulad kaTolike iyo,
magram saxalxod aRiareba ar SeeZlo. misi mcdeloba fuWi aRmoCnda,
amitom vaxtangi iZulebuli gaxda, mieRo islami 1716 wels. is cota
xans msaxurobda rogorc sparseTis armiis meTauri da azerbaijanis
gamgebeli. igi mTeli CrdiloeT iranis armiis sardali gaxda. mas
mxars uWerda somxeTi im imediT, rom SeZlebda somxeTis saxelmwifos
aRdgenas.
1721 wels sefianTa sparseTi srul qaosSi aRmoCnda, dedaqalaqi
ispahani Esfahān (Isfahan) alyaSi iyo moqceuli da ibrZoda avRanelebTan,
romlebmac mokles vaxtangis biZa giorgi XI da misi Zma qaixosro. magram
qarTlis mefem uari Tqva daexsna ispahani 7Tviani avRanelebis alyidan.
miuxedavad amisa, Sahs arCevani aRar hqonda da axla bakurs, vaxtangis
vaJs daavala iranis dedaqalaqis dacva da rac ar unda gasakviri
iyos, emudareboda daxmarebas. Sahma icoda, rom mxolod ambavi, rom
qarTvelebi sparseTisken daiZrnen, sakmarisi iyo avRanelebis ukan
daxevisTvis, radgan maT axsovdaT da pativs scemdnen giorgi XIsa da
qaixosros, amitom alyaSi moaqcies ispahani im pirobiT, rom qarTvelebi
am konfliqtSi ar Caereodnen. vaxtang VIsa da bakuris mxridan damxmare
jaris gagzavnaze uaris TqmiT, dedaqalaqi ispahani dakarguli iyo
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