Sergey Tikhonov Director of the Centre for International Projects

“Dioxin and Furan Releases and their Risk Assessment on the Population Health in some regions of the Russian Federation”

• Sergey Tikhonov

• Director of the Centre for International Projects,

• Moscow, Russian Federation

• Academician of the Russian Environmental Academy

I. INTRODUCTION

• Centre for International Projects activity (2001-2004) in the framework of Project “Reduction/Elimination of Dioxin and Furan emissions in the Russian Federation with Focus on the Arctic and Northern Regions Impacting the Arctic” (Arctic Council Action Programme) jointly with Professor Y. A. Treger and Doctor V. N. Rozanov.

• Chair of the Steering Group of this Project is the representative of Sweden.

• Financing of the Project was provided by US EPA and Swedish EPA.

• “Russian Statistical Year-Books, 2001-2003”, “Industry of Russia, 2002-2003”, “The State Report on Environment Condition and Protection in the Russian Federation in 2001-2003”, the monography “Dioxins in Russia” (2001), “UNEP Standardized Toolkit for Identification and Quantification of Dioxin and Furan Releases” (2001-draft, 2003-first issue), information from the Committees for Natural Resources of Arkhangelsk, Murmansk regions, the Republic of Komi.

• Evaluation only dioxin releases into atmosphere.

• Dioxin supply with sewage, solid wastes and products has not been considered in the presentation.

• Experimental data was carried out by Russian Research and Development Centre for Emergency Situations of the Ministry of Health having relevant international intercalibration and accreditation of the State Standard of Russia.

• The estimation of risk for population health has been carried out by the Scientific Research Institute of Hygiene, Toxicology and Professional Pathology of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation.

Arkhangelsk region – 1- Onega, 2-Severodvinsk, Novodvinsk, 3-Mezan

• Arkhangelsk region – 1- Onega, 2-Severodvinsk, Novodvinsk, 3-Mezan

• Murmansk region – 1-Zapolyarniy, 2-Nikel, 3-Severomorsk, 4-Monchegorsk, Olenegorsk, 5-Appatity, Kirovsk, 6-Kandalaksha

• Republic of Komi – 1-Ukhta, 2-Sosnogorsk, 3-Borkuta

Statistic data on Arkhangelsk and Murmansk regions and on Republic of Komi (January, 2003)

II. Main sources of dioxins/furans.

• Arkhangelsk and Murmansk regions and Republic of Komi are pilot regions for the presentation.

• The following activity was implemented:

• Consideration of the Industries and the main enterprises, in which technological processes formation of dioxins and furans is probably possible.

• Determination of the volumes of output of products or consumed crude materials necessary for estimation of dioxin emissions.

• Determination of the technological parameters of manufactures influencing formation of dioxins and furans.

• Selection of factors of dioxin emission with a view to 1 ton of released production or consumed crude material.

• Determination of intervals of possible changes of factors of dioxin emission.

• The selected factors of dioxin emission can deviate to one or another direction from true value by two reasons:

• · dioxin emission strongly depends on little changes of parameters of technological process and presence of pollutants in a burnt component;

• · deeper familiarization with technology of each concrete process, and in some cases an experimental estimation of emissions is required for a correct selection of the emission factor.

Industries with no dioxin releases into atmosphere discovered (or no data)

• I GROUP – includes subbranches, for which dioxin formation is not occurred, and, most probably, on the basis of available knowledge of production technology no dioxins are formed or released:

• Natural gas production;

• Primary oil refining with distillation;

• Extraction of various ores and their enrichment without calcinations.

• Such technologies usually use physical methods of production, separation and processing, occurring at relatively low temperatures.

• II GROUP – includes branches and subbranches, for which no data on dioxin formation is available, at that dioxin formation is possible, but rather small:

• Mechanical engineering and metal working;

• Production of sulfuric acid.

• III GROUP – includes subbranches and manufactures, for which data on dioxin formation and/or presence is available, but dioxin releases into atmosphere are estimated as least:

• Provision and processing of wood;

• Secondary oil refining;

• Production of synthetic paintworks and plastics;

• Production of textile and shoe.

• IV GROUP – includes sources of dioxin releases unrelated with the main industries, for which emission factors even can be available, but no quantitative data on release volumes is available:

• Incineration of various industrial and solid household wastes by burning in dumps and accidental fires.

Thank you for your attention

• Centre for International Projects (CIP)

• 58b, Pervomaiskaya str., Moscow,

• 105043, Russian Federation

• Tel.: [phone]

• Fax: [phone]

• E-mail: [e-mail]