95 ans de déni : ça suffit !

MASSACRE DE KATYN

Katyn : la genèse d’un massacre


07/04 18:28 CET

Août 1939. A l’aube de la seconde guerre mondiale, l’Allemagne et l’URSS signent un pacte de non-agression. Il comprend un protocole secret, le pacte Molotov-Ribbentrop, qui prévoit le partage germano-soviétique de la Pologne.

Et dès le 1er septembre, les troupes allemandes envahissent la Pologne. 16 jours plus tard, c’est au tour de l’Armée rouge de prendre possession du pays. Elle fait 250 000 prisonniers. Les simples soldats sont relâchés. Staline ordonne, en revanche, l’exécution des officiers, et des intellectuels.

Des milliers de prisonniers sont abattus à Katyn par le NKVD, la police politique soviétique en avril 1940, puis à Kharkov ou Kalinine. Parmi eux, le père d’Andrzej Skapski. L’une des 22 000 victimes.

“Le 3 juin 1943, le nom de mon père est apparu sur la liste d’exhumation. J’avais 5 ans, et malheureusement m’a mère était déjà morte. Elle est décédée six mois plus tôt. Elle n’a donc pas su que, pendant toutes ces années, elle était déjà veuve”, raconte Andrzej Skapski.

Les troupes allemandes, qui ont envahi l’URSS en 1941, découvrent deux ans plus tard un premier charnier. Berlin accuse Moscou mais, à l‘époque, personne ne veut croire à sa version.

“Depuis la toute première découverte des restes d’officiers polonais dans une forêt à l’extérieur de Smolensk, le massacre de Katyn a fait l’objet de nombreuses manipulations et de mensonges, principalement du côté des auteurs de ce crime, l’Union soviétique et ses chefs, qui ont immédiatement tenté de reporter la faute sur les Allemands. Et cette version a été entretenue tout au long de l’après-guerre et de l‘ère de la République populaire de Pologne”, explique Marek Lasota, un historien polonais.

La vérité sera révélée bien plus tard. En 1992, le président polonais Lech Walesa reçoit officiellement des documents qui confirment les massacres. Il aura fallu attendre la Glasnost pour que l’URSS reconnaisse sa responsabilité. Mais la plaie n’est toujours pas refermée. Car Moscou refuse de transmettre ses archives et personne n’a été poursuivi pour ce que la Russie qualifie de crime militaire. Varsovie attend au contraire, depuis 2006, que la Cour européenne des droits de l’Homme reconnaisse le massacre de Katyn comme crime contre l’humanité.

Copyright © 2010 euronews



http://fr.euronews.net/2010/04/07/katyn-la-genese-d-un-massacre/
http://collectifvan.org/article.php?r=4&id=42357

1. ARTICLES EN ANGLAIS

1. 
   Maraghar. The name would hardly tell you anything although you ve had the chance of hearing the name "Nagorno Karabakh" recurrently since 1988. Maraghar was one of the largest villages of Nagorno Karabakh. It WAS because on April 10, 1992, the Azeri' "omon" forces invaded the village and set it ablaze, burning, & torturing it s peaceful population, some of whom were taken hostage never to be returned again! While those who survived left behind their belongings and spread throughout the world. Today, Maraghar still remains under Azeri control. This Project, presented to you, is an attempt to show the real history of Maraghar, hoping that with our unified struggle we would never let such tragedies take place ever again.
   
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3. 
   Testimonies
   
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6. 
   Vladik Avagyan: My name is Vladik Avagyan. Maragha Brigade Commander Assistant/ Would you, please, tell us about what happened in the village of Maragha? П tell you in some words what happened in Maragha iat 5:30 am on April 10,1992. On April 10 at 5:30 am heavy cannonade against our village began ...They were firing from different types of shells: the so-called "grad" and armour - tanks... All members of the detachments in trenches took part in the defence of the village, thus fighting until 12am, i.e. for about 6 hours.
   
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8. 
   Then we realized the inequality of the forces: they had aproximetly 20 armours, while we had only one IFV, it was impossible to resist to the enemy with it. We asked for assistance from the centre, which was a little bit late. When our forces came to our help it was too late, because the azeries had already invaded the village. Our forces had to leave as it was impossible to defend the village with 150 men only. But soon the assistance brigades from the centre reorganized their forces and threw back the enemy in about 4-5 hours. I think, that if azeries were to attack by themselves, I meen with their own infantry and armours only, they could not invade the village. All the commanders of the tanks were Russian officers, and the armour shells have undoubtedly been lobbed by them. Thus we saw a Russian officer looking out of the tank: he confused our Armenian guy-: with onions" and shouted in Russian "Rebiata, idite syuda" Теу, guys, come here!"/
   
9. 
   
   
10. 
    As soon as he realized they were Armeni­ans /as they immediately opened fire/, he said to Azeries: "Vet armyane, strelyayte!" /Here are the Armenians, fire them/. Therefore, it proves that the IFVs were filled with Russian officers. The armours rolled in, followed by "the onions", and the groups of looters with pick-up trucks. They were mer­ciless; they were slaughtering everybody on their way - old men, children and women. We all eyewitnessed it. They hacked children into quarters, took them into captivity... I have never seen such atrocities they commit­ted... Of course, we've heard of things alike from papers and so on. But it was for the first time, that I saw people decapitated and the heads thrown too far from their bodies..., eyes put out, noses, ears cutoff... All of these has taken place before our very eyes. The homes were fully looted; they took whatever they saw. They drove the livestock, including the vikkage farm's 500 cattle. They took all the domestic animals, even rab­bits.
    
11. 
    
    
12. 
    They looted my own property as well. 70 percent of the village homes had been pillaged and burnt. I do not know why, but after all of that we still defend ourselves. There is however nobody here, I think, to de­fend the village. Crucial measures need to be taken. I don't know who should do it. We need shells, military equipment. I mean we need IFV to defend against IFV and not weapons. If the assistance was to come, we pro­tect if not the houses, but at least our homeland would stay Armenian. I just ask the Government of Armenia, local Karabakhi authorities and our region's military authorities to treat this matter very seriously. The same situation is quite possible to happen any day now. We must prevent it. It's madnnssableto allow the homeland to be deserted.
    
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14. 
    
    APPENDIX

                     Testimonies by informer

    
    
    Vazgen Baghdassarian (Maragha resident)
    
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16. 
    "Hacked and disfigured bodies, dozens of innocent victims... they were my relatives, friends and neighbors. They were those with whom I grew up in Maragha. Borik Vardanian... He was in charge of water distribution during irrigation works in Maragha and neighboring Azeri lands. Azeris sawed off his head and took it with them. They wrote the following words on his body: "While distributing water you were striving for justice, and now you got what you deserve".
    
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18. 
    Borik's mother, 80-year-old Parandzem and his wife Zara were taken hostages. Aliosha Osipian, his wife Raya and mother Ersela were hacked as well Rima Vardanian's family (she and her 26-year-old son Karo) was crually murdered. During several years Nora Stepanian was committed to bed. Azeris broke her head (in fact she was 70-year-old). 52-year-old Shura Babayan was killed and his wife Varja burnt on fire. Their daughter, 25-year-old Laura was killed together with her mother-in-law Lena, whereas her 4 and 6-year-old sons Mher and Gevorg were taken hostages. Gurgen Barseghian was killed in his own house and his wife - in the cellar.
    

Ruben and Amasia Hakobian were also murdered. 66-year-old Izabela Bairamian died under wheels of a tank. Seriozha Badalian was cut into numerous fragments and his wife Assya killed. Edik Badalian and his wife Ofelia were subjected to torture so that later on their daughter could hardly recognize their corpses. Their 28-year-old son Sassun was taken hostage and subsequently killed. Azeris knew Hamo Arakelian very well: in the course of several years he repaired Azeris' agricultural equipment in Mirbashir. However, it did not help: he was decapitated.

20. 
        Name                                             
    
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    Signature
    
22. 
        Date                                               
    
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24. 
    Translated by Robert Gasparian.
    
25. 
     
    
26. 
    
    APPENDIX
    
27. 
            
    
28. 
    Testimonies by witnesses
    
29. 
       
    
30. 
    Lena Barseghian: "My 70-year-old neighbor Vardanush and I were hiding in the basement. Azeris began shooting on the closed door of the basement. We were wounded and scared. Hence, we started screaming. Azeris intruded into the basement, beated us and took us away from it. Loosing much blood Vardanush fell and lost her consciousness. At that very moment a tank appeared and ran over Ikt, leaving a bloody mess behind it. 1 cannot but shiver on recalling those events. Together with others I was forced to take off my clothes and taken to Mirbashir. There the power was in hands of the deputy chief of militia. He sold us to other Azeris. At first I was taken to Mingechaur, from there to Kirovabad and then Baku. We were treated as if we were things, sold to whoever they wanted. It is hard to tell what we had passed through those days. Owing to my son Valter's efforts (he paid some three million rubles for me) i was released in exchange for an OMON soldier. Zhenja Isahac Gazarian: "Among hostages there were Razmik Ervand Movsissiiin and his vvifc Svcia Suren Movsissian. Deputy Head of Mirlxislnr's prison treated them as if they were dogs. He did not let them stand up or speak. They were chained up and got no food. Some time later Sveta was killed and her husband, who had completely lost his human dignity by that time, was fed on her flesh. Subsequently he was murdered as well.
    
31. 
          Name:
    
32. 
          Signature
    
33. 
          Date:                                              
    
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35. 
    Translated by Robert Gasparian
    
36. 
     
    

37. APPENDIX
    

38. 
    
    

APPEAL

39. 
    To the UN Human Rights Committee To whom it may
    
    concernOn April 10. 1992 the Azeri anny overrun the village of
    
    Maragha in Nagorno-Karabakh's Mardakert region.

    During the offensive 49 people were taken hostage, while 51 - massacred.

    My relatives including:

    Father - Hambartsoumian Yasha Avancsovich, 1928

    Brother -- Hambartsoumian Karo Yashayevich, 1959

    Cousins -- Badalian Sassoun Edicovich, 1964, and Avagian Kamo Aleksandrovtch. 1963 were also taken hostage.

    I still know nothing what happened to them. At last there is someone who will tell me about their fate. Every man has the right to existence and self-determination.

    Out of 49 people taken hostage 18 were exchanged including 4 children aging 1.5-6.

    S I g n a t u r e:                   Hambartsoumian Vagif Yashayevich

    Date: 22/07/96                    

    
    
40. 
    
    
41. 
    Translated by Emil Sahakian
     
    
42. 
    Mileta Gabrielyan: On april 10 at 6 am Azeries opened tire at the vil­lage. By 3 am we saw the villagers of Maragha-one with, a child in. his hands, the other with his belongings, the third one with old mother or father on his shoulders-fleeing. We took our 2-year old daughter on the shoulders and escaped to Levonarkh. They cut the nose and ears of my husband's uncle son-ln law... then took him out from the house and left on the road... They killed my brother —in law, too. The defence forces decided to enter the village to liberate, but they didn't know that Azeries were still there. My brother-in-law warned them: 'These are Azeries, go back, run away!" Our forces retreated to get ready to another defence attack.
    
43. 
    
    
44. 
    The Azeries killed, my brother-in- law; they threw him under the tank. We could not even burry him in a coffin, just digged a hole and. laid him there as he was. From. Hasanghaya we made our way to Levon­arkh, from Levonarkh to Magavouz, then followed Mets Shen, Haterk, Stepanakert Armenia. During that period of time my husband was wounded, and. taken to the hospital where he soon passed away. Our son went back to Maragha with our defence forces. On August 15 he was killed in action defending for the village Mets Shen. T shudder with horror when. I recollect those, terrible days; how we fled... in rows, like in.the movies on.the massacre of 1915Just the very picture of the Genocide: people standing in rows on their own ways to escape death...
     
    
45. 
    
       Alaverdyan Gavrush: We stayed in our village, did not escape, heard of it too late. They took both my wife and my son and killed in the centre of the village at 10 or 11 am. The next morning our forces came to support Maragha, in time, threw out the amies, came to the upper village Hasandagha and asked if there was anybody from Maragha to inform that the latter has been liberated. I came back on feet, it took about 4-5km to Maragha, and saw people of Maragha massacred, and both my son and wife were lying dead. We buried then..,
    
       Barseghyan Vladik: The Azeries invaded, we could't, when I came back, I saw my dad and mom slaughtered... They killed even a woman: they tied her hands and feet and threw into fire of the neighbour's hedge. They even beheaded our neighbour and cut off his feet..., slaughtered him alive...
     
    
46. 
    
       Alaverdyan Gavrush: We stayed in our village, did not escape, heard of it too late. They took both my wife and my son and killed in the centre of the village at 10 or 11 am. The next morning our forces came to support Maragha, in time, threw out the amies, came to the upper village Hasandagha and asked if there was anybody from Maragha to inform that the latter has been liberated. I came back on feet, it took about 4-5km to Maragha, and saw people of Maragha massacred, and both my son and wife were lying dead. We buried then.., Barseghyan Vladik:The Azeries invaded, we could't, when I came back, I saw my dad and mom slaughtered... They killed even a woman: they tied her hands and feet and threw into fire of the neighbour's hedge. They even beheaded our neighbour and cut off his feet..., slaughtered him alive...
     
    
47. 
    
       Gabrielyan Elmira: I used to work at the hospital. Due to the shelling, the hospital was moved to the basement. On the 10th at 5.00 a.m. we heard some firing. On the way, just before getting to Maragha, we saw a tank with its gun tube towards the people...Then I saw my daughter standing by the pole (at that time she was a little girl, now she is 23) and I asked her, "Armine, why didn't you leave with grandma?" and she said, "Mom, I wouldn't leave without you."
       I took my child's hand and we walked to the neighbour's door, and then I suddenly remembered that my son had been at home with a neighbour. I asked, "Armine, what about Ararat?" She said, "Mom, he's at home, let's go back". We went back to the house, uncle Stepan, a neighbour of ours was also there. I said, "Uncle Stepan, the Azeris entered Maragha, it's over." Uncle Stepan took his coat and went out and while my son was putting his shoes on, the Azeris got to the other neighbour's house. We passed through the houses and ran away. As we were running, I was hit in the back by a shell splinter. When I was hit, I cried out, "Oh, I'm dying, oh, I'm dying." My children were crying and I told them, "Stop crying, Г11 be well." We got to the fence, passed through the bars and went out to the road.
      
    
48. 
    Then I said, "Aro, can you pull the splinter out, it hurts me badly." I was bleeding and I had the overall on me, the white overall. He said, "Mom, what shall I do?" I said, "Tear this overall, wrap it and put it on the wound." He did so and we walked on. Then my daughter asked me, "Mom, what about father, what about my brothers?" I told her, "Well, what shall I do? I can't leave you here and go back." We reached the highway, near the village administration building. On our way we met Alik Avagimyan. I said to him, "Alik, my dear, the Azeris entered Maragha, where are you going with your gun on your shoulder? Go back, the Azeris will kill you as well." He said, "No, my mom and my dad stayed at home." He told me this and set off. He walked on and down a few houses the Azeris killed him.
      
    
49. 
    We walked on and on till we got to Hasanghaya. We saw that people abandoned Hasanghaya as well. There was an aged woman, called Parandzem. She used to be a seller in the shop. I said, "Aunt Parandzem, what shall I do with the children?" She said, "Don't be afraid, don't be afraid, don't be afraid!" I said, "Aunt Parandzem, take a knife, if there's anything you kill my children. I don't want the Azeris kill them." She said, "Don't worry, Г11 take you out of here this way." When I got to this (building) complex, I saw that it was on fire, it was burning. If we went that way, there would be no way out, what would we do?" I went back and forth till I saw a tank coming from Shahumian. A boy, I don't remember his name, he stopped the tank and gave some bread to my children. They gave a piece of bread to one child and another piece to the other. They gave them some cheese too. We took it and walked on, it was already dark. We walked on to Maghavouz. The head of the Maghavouz community kindly accepted us. He said, "Don't cry, don't cry, everything will be well." I said, "I left my children there, how can not cry?" At 5.00 a.m. I woke up the children and told them that we were going to Maragha. When we got there, we saw bodies, lying on the road. Blood was flowing down. I walked down to Maragha and saw that the blood was flowing like a river; dead bodies were lying on the ground. Then I saw Alik, I had told him to go back, he was also slaughtered...
     
    
50. 
    I walked on and saw a sheaf of stack near our house and my middle son sitting on it. I cried to him, "Artak!" He told me in reply, "Mom, don't cry, we wrapped dad's body up in a plastic bag, he's at the school building." I asked him, "Where is Armen?" He answered, "Mom, don't say anything to Armen, he's crying."
      
    
51. 
    Our house was completely burned down, nothing was left...
       They killed our neighbour and then burned his body. My father-in-law was also killed; they slaughtered him in his house, then took his body out and threw it away. He had been saying, "I won't go anywhere, I won't leave Maragha."
       "On April 10 as a result of military actions in Agdara (Martakert region - edit.) four armoured personnel carriers (APC) were hit, twenty Armenians were captured, more than hundred of them were killed" ("War chronicle" Baku, "Azadlyg," April 14, 1992)
    

Translated by Robert Gasparian.

http://www.maragha.nk.am/documentseng1.html
SURVIVORS OF THE MARAGHAR MASSACRE:

IT WAS TRULY LIKE A CONTEMPORARY

GOLGOTHA MANY TIMES OVER

By Baroness Caroline Cox of Queensbury 

The ancient kingdom of Armenia was the first nation to embrace Christianity — in AD 301. Modern Armenia, formerly a Soviet republic, declared autonomy in September 1991 and today exists as a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States. There you find many of the oldest churches in the world, and a people who have upheld the faith for nearly 1,700 years, often at great cost.

Nowhere has the cost been greater than in the little piece of ancient Armenia called Nagorno-Karabakh, cruelly cut off from the rest of Armenia by Stalin in 1921, and isolated today as a Christian enclave within Islamic Azerbaijan. Only 100 miles north to south, 50 miles east to west, there are mountains, forests, fertile valleys, and an abundance of ancient churches, monasteries, and beautifully carved stone crosses dating from the fourth century.

This paradise became hell in 1991. Vying with Armenia for control of this enclave, Azerbaijan began a policy of ethnic cleansing of the Armenians of Karabakh, and 150,000 Armenians were forced to fight for the right to live in their historic homeland. It was a war against impossible odds: 7 million-strong Azerbaijan, helped by Turkey and, at one stage, several thousand mujahideen mercenaries.

On April 10, 1992, forces from Azerbaijan attacked the Armenian village of Maragharr in northeastern Karabakh. The villagers awoke at 7 a.m. to the sound of heavy shelling; then tanks rolled in, followed by infantry, followed by civilians with pick-up trucks to take home the pickings of the looting they knew would follow the eviction of the villagers.

Azeri soldiers sawed off the heads of 45 villagers, burnt others, took 100 women and children away as hostages, looted and set fire to all the homes, and left with all the pickings from the looting.

I, along with my team from Christian Solidarity Worldwide, arrived within hours to find homes still smoldering, decapitated corpses, charred human remains, and survivors in shock. This was truly like a contemporary Golgotha many times over.

I visited the nearby hospital and met the chief nurse. Hours before, she had seen her son's head sawn off, and she had lost 14 members of her extended family. I wept with her: there could be no words.

With the fragile cease-fire that began in May 1994, we have been able to visit survivors of the massacre at Maragharr. Unable to return to their village, which is still in Azeri hands, they are building "New Maragharr" in the devastated ruins of another village. Their "homes" are empty shells with no roofs, doors, or windows, but their priority was the building of a memorial to those who died in the massacre.

We were greeted with the traditional Armenian ceremony of gifts of bread and salt. Then a dignified elderly lady made a speech of gracious welcome, with no hint of reference to personal suffering. She seemed so serene that I thought she had been away on that terrible day of the massacre. She replied: "As you have asked, I will tell you that my four sons were killed that morning, trying to defend us — but what could they do with hunting rifles against tanks? And then we saw things no human should ever have to see: heads that were too far from their bodies; people hacked into quarters like pigs. I also lost my daughter and her husband—we only found his bloodstained cap. We still don't know what happened to them. I now bring up their children. But they have forgotten the taste of milk, as the Azeris took all our cows."

How can one respond to such suffering and such dignity? Since the cease-fire, we have undertaken a program to supply cows. On our last visit, we met this grandmother, and, smiling, she said: "Thank you. Our children now know the taste of milk."

Nagorno-Karabakh is a place where we have found miracles of grace. The day of the massacre I asked the chief nurse, whose son had been beheaded, if she would like me to take a message to the rest of the world. She nodded, and I took out my notebook.

With great dignity, she said: "I want to say, 'Thank you.' I am a nurse. I have seen how the medicines you have brought have saved many lives and eased much suffering. I just want to say, 'Thank you,' to all those who have not forgotten us in these dark days."

 

Baroness Cox of Queensbury is a defender of human rights in the House of Lords, United Kingdom, as well as a prominent educationalist and author. Baroness Cox was created a Life Peer in 1982 and has been Deputy Speaker of the British Parliament's House of Lords since 1985 to the present. She is Chancellor of Bournemouth University and Vice President of the Royal College of Nursing and President of the Institute of Administrative Management. Baroness Cox is heavily involved with international humanitarian and human rights endeavours, serving as non-executive director of the Andrei Sakharov Foundation and as a trustee of MERLIN (Medical Emergency Relief International) and is the President of Christian Solidarity Worldwide (P.O. Box 99, New Malden, Surrey, KT3 3YF, England).

http://www.cilicia.com/Maraghar.htm