A. V. Mavlonov

Oglavlenie
Predislovie…………………………………………………….7

1. 
   Glava -1. Istoriya razvitie neftegazopromыslovie geologii……………………………………………………….10
   

1. 
   Opredelenie i zadachi neftegazopromыslovie geologii..10
   
2. 
   Periodы razvitie neftegazopromыslovie geologii i rol vnem uchennыx i injenerov………………………………...11
   
3. 
   Svyaz neftegazopromыslovie geologii s drugimi otraslyami nauki…………………………………………………..20
   

Glava-2. Zadacha, metodы, sposobы, neftegazopromыslovie

geologii……………………………………………………………23
2.1. TSelы i zadachi neftegazopromыslovie geologii…………..23
2.2. Issledovaniya v mestorojdeniyax, metodы poluchenie materialov u nix………………………………………………….27
2.3. Sposobы poluchenie dannыx…………………………………31
2.4. Kompleksnыe analiz i obobщenie pervichnыx materialov.32

Glava -3. Kollektorы nefti i gaza, xarakteristika nefti,

gaza i vodы v nix…………………………………………………33
3.1. Kollektorы nefti i gaza…………………………………….33
3.2. Vыdelenie v nedrax zemli neftegazonosnыx otlojenie…34
3.3. TSel izuchenie razreza skvajin……………………………..35
3.4. Obemnыe svoystva kollektorov……………………………35
3.5. Nasыщennost kollektora neftyu, gazom i vodoy………..41
3.6. Pronitsaemost kollektora………………………………….44
3.7. Sostavlenie xarakteristik terrigennыx i karbonatnыx kollektorov……………………………………………………….46
3.8. Korrelyatsiya (sostavlenii) razrezov skvajin………………50
3.9. Neft v usloviyax plasta. ……………………………………56
3.10. Fizicheskie svoystva neftey……………………………….57
3.11. Gaz, kondensat i gidratы v usloviyax plasta………………61

Glava-4. Stroenie neftegazovыx mestorojdeniy i izuchenie ix form……………………………………………………………….76

4.1. Izucheniya ploщadey struktur ogranichivayuщix zalejey…76
4.2. Izuchenie dizyunktivnыx narusheniy………………………81
4.3. Izuchenie granits plastov, obrazovannыx v rezultate litologicheskix i stratigraficheskix ne soglasiy…………….83
4.4. Granitsa zaleji, svyazannыy, so stepenyu neftegazo- nasыщeniya…………………………………………………………84

Glava-5. Zapasы i energeticheskie usloviya neftyanыx i gazovыx mestorojdeniy…………………………………………………….90

5.1. Zapasы nefti i gaza. Ponyatiya o zapasax nefti i gaza (kondensata)………………………………………………………..90
5.2. Geologicheskie obosnovaniya nefti, gaza, kondensata
otdacha plasta………………………………………………..……95
5.3. Energeticheskie usloviya neftyanыx i gazovыx mestorojdeniy………………..…………………………………101
5.3.1. Plastovыe davleniya………………………………………101
5.3.2. Temperatura v nedrax neftegazovыx mestorojdeniy…..109
5.3.3. Estestvennыe rejimы zalejey nefti i gaza……………111

Glava-6. Geologicheskie osnovы razrabotki neftyanыx mestorojdeniy…………………………………………………..123

6.1. Geologicheskie dannыe dlya proektirovaniya………………123
6.2. Geologicheskie usloviya primeneniya poryadka puska v razrabotku neftyanыx i neftegazonosnыx zalejey v estestvennыx rejimax………………………………………….126
6.3. V razlichnыx geologicheskix usloviyax metod zakachki vodы………………………………………………………………129

Glava-7. Noveyshie metodы pri razrabotke neftyanыx zalejey i geologicheskie usloviya ix primeneniya…………………….…131

7.1. Vыtesneniya nefti pri pomoщi vodnыx rastvorov polimerov……………………………………………………….132

Glava-8. Osobennosti razrabotki gazovыx i gazokondensatnыx zalejey i vliyanie geologicheskix usloviya na ix razrabotku..137

Glava-9. Geologicheskie obosnovaniya texnologii zakachki vodы

v plast v usloviyax razrabotki mestorojdeniya……………….144
9.1. Vыdeleniya ob’ektov razrabotki…………………………..144
9.2. Geologicheskie obosnovaniya vыbora metoda zakachki vodы……………………………………………………………….148
9.3. Razmeщeniya skvajinы pri razrabotke neftyanogo ob’ekta……………………………………………………………158
9.4. Raznitsa davleniya pri razrabotke ob’ekta………………..164

Glava-10. Nablyudeniya razrabotkoy neftyanыx i gazovыx mestorojdeniy………………………………………………….167

10.1. Fond skvajin pri razrabotke i nablyudeniya rabotы….167
10.1. Skvajinы proburivayuщiesya po ocheredi……………….169
10.1.2. Podschet izmeneniy fonda skvajin i nablyudeniya za
nim……………………………………………………………….170
10.1.3. Skvajinы s razlichnыmi vremenami puska……………173
10.2. Izvlecheniya nefti, gaza i poputnoy vodы………………..173
10.2.1. Dinamika nefti, gaza, vodы v dobыvaemoy ob’ekte…..173
10.2.2. Dobыcha nefti…………………………………………….176
10.2.3. Obvodnenie produktsii neftyanыx ob’ektov…………..179
10.2.4. Stepen izvlecheniya jidkosti………………………….180
10.2.5. Dobыcha gaza……………………………………………….182
10.2.6. Dokumentatsiya dobыchi nefti, gaza i vodы, obvodneniya plasta, nablyudeniya za zakachkoy vodы, uchet i dokumentatsiya…184
10.2.7. Podschet pokazateley dobыchi i dokumentatsii ix……..185
10.3. Nablyudeniya za davleniem i temperaturoy plasta………191
10.3.1. Davleniya v plaste i skvajinы pri razrabotke mestorojdeniya…………………………………………………...191
10.3.2. Pri dobыchi nefti i gaza raznitsa davleniya plasta i zaboy skvajinы…………………………………………………195
10.3.3. Opredeleniya pokazateley davleniya plasta i davleniya skvajinы…………………………………………………………203
10.3.4. Nablyudeniya za temperaturoy plasta i skvajinы pri razrabotke mestorojdeniya……………………………………..207
10.4.1. Nablyudeniya za ox vatoy protsessa vыtesneniya ob’ekta……………………………………………………………211
10.4.2. Postroeniya kartы oxvata vozdeystviya na plast……….218
10.5.1. Nablyudeniya za zakachkoy v plast vodы pri razrabotke nefti..…………………………………………………………….223
10.5.2. Nablyudeniya za produktivnыm gorizontы pri zakachke vodы……………………………………………………………….227

Glava-11. Kontrol za razrabotkoy mestorojdeniy nefti i gaza rabotayuщix v razlichnыx geologo-fizicheskix usloviyax…….232

11.1. Osnovы kontrolnыx za razrabotkoy…………………….234
11.2. Metodы kontrolya za razrabotkoy v predelax
prinyatыx rejimax razrabotki………………………………….237
11.3. Ustanovleniya texnologicheskix rejimov rabotы
gazovыx skvajin………………………………………………….240
11.4. Obosnovanie intervala prostrela plasta………….……242
11.5. Kontrol usovershenstvovaniya razrabotki
uporyadocheniya i osvoeniya metodov…………………………..…246

Glava-12. Dobыcha nefti i gaza po mestorojdeniyam………….249

12.1. Godovoy i pyatiletnyaya planirovaniya dobыcha nefti.…...250
12.2. Perspektivnыe planirovaniya dobыcha nefti……………252
12.3. Osobennosti dobыchi gaza…………………………………253

Glava-13. Oxrana nedr i okrujayuщaya sredы………………….255

13.1. Obщie pravila…………………………………………….255
13.2. Oxrana nedr pri burenii…………………………………258
13.3. Oxrana nedr pri ekspluatatsii zemley…………………..261
13.4. Oxrana okrujayuщey sredы……………………………….266

Ispolzovannыe literaturы……………………………………267

Contents

The foreword…………………………….…………………………..…7

1-chapter. The history of development of oil and gas geology…..10

1.1. Definition and tasks of oil and gas geology. …………………10

1.2. The period of development of oil and gas geology and the
role of scientists and engineers in it. .……………………………..11
1.3. The oil and gas geology within the wider branch of science.21

2-chapter. The tasks, methods and the objectives of the oil and gas geology……………………………………………………………23

2.1. The objectives and tasks of the oil and gas geology……..…23

2.2. Scientific investigations in oil and gas fields, the methods
of products’ extraction……….……………………………………….27
2.3. Data collection…..……………………………………………….31
2.4. The complex analysis and generalization of primary materials………………………………………………………..……..32

3-chapter. The collectors of oil and gas, characteristic of oil, gas and water in them……………………………………………………33

3.1. The collectors of oil and gas…………………………….…….33

3.2. Location of oil and gas deposits………………………………34
3.3. The purpose of study of a section of well……………………35
3.4. Volumetric properties of collectors……………………………35
3.5. Oil, gas and water –related saturation of a collector…….…41
3.6. Permeability of a collector………………………………….….44
3.7. Comparison of the characteristics of terrigenous and
carbon reservoirs…………………………………………………….46
3.8. Correlation (comparison) of cross-sections of wells….……50
3.9. Petroleum layers…………………………………………..…….56
3.10. Physical properties of oils……………………………..………57
3.11. Gas, condensate and hydrate layers………………………...61
a) Water in petroleum and gas deposits……………………………69
b) Chemical classification of layer’s water…………………………74

4-chapter. The structure of oil and gas deposits and study

of their forms…………..………………………………………………76

4.1. Investigation of the area of structures containing deposits.…76

4.2. Investigation of disjunctive infringements……………………..81
4.3. Investigation of borders of layers formed as a result
lithologic and strata-graphical disagreements………..……………83
4.4. The border of deposit, connected with a degree oil and gas saturation………………………………………………………………84

5-chapter. stocks and power conditions a petroleum and gas deposit…………………………………………………………….…..90

5.1. Stocks of petroleum and gas. Concepts about stocks of petroleum and gas (condensate)……..……………………………90

5.2. Geological substantiation of petroleum, gas and
condensate of feedback of a layer………..………………………..95
5.3. Power conditions a petroleum and gas deposits……………………………………………………………...101
5.3.1. Layer pressure……………………………………………....101
5.3.2. Temperature in entrails and oil and gas deposits..………109
5.3.3. Natural modes of deposits of petroleum and gas………..111

6-chapter. Geological bases of development oil and gas deposits………………………………………………………………123

6.1. Geological design data………………………………………..123

6.2. Geological conditions of start-up implementation into the development of oil and gas deposits in natural modes………….126
6.3. The methods of pumping of water in various geological conditions…………………………………………………………….129

7-chapter. The novel methods of development of petroleum deposits and geological conditions of their application………....131

7.1. Petroleum water displacement ( containing solutions of polymers)……………………………………………………………..132

8-chapter. The peculiarity of development of gas and gas

and condensate deposits and influence of geological
conditions on their development……………..…………………….137

9-chapter. The geological specifications performance of technology of pumping of water in a layer in the course of the development of deposits…………………………………..………..144

9.1. Allocation of objects of development ….…………………….144

9.2. Geological substantiation of a choice of a method of
pumping of water………………………………………………..….148
9.3. Location of wells in the course of the development of petroleum-extraction object……………….………………………..158
9.4. Difference of pressure in the development of an object……164

10-chapter. Supervision in the development a petroleum and

gas deposits………………………………………………..……….167

10.1. Well stock consideration in the development and

supervision of their progress……………………………………….167
10.1.1. The wells getting drilled one after another……………….169
10.1.2. Calculation of changes of well stock and its supervision170
10.1.3. Wells with various start-up time schedules……………...173
10.2. Extraction of petroleum, gas and associated water. ……..173
10.2.1. The dynamics(changes) of petroleum, gas, water in extracted object. …………………………………………………….173
10.2.2. Production of petroleum. ……………………………….....176
10.2.3. Irrigation of production of oil objects ……………………..179
10.2.4. Degree of extraction of a liquid……………………………180
10.2.5. Production of gas …………………………………………..182
10.2.6. Documentation of production of oil, gas and water, irrigation of a layer, supervision for pumping of water, account
and documentation…………………………….…………………..184
10.2.7. Calculation of parameters of production and their documentation……………………………………………………….185
10.3. Supervision over pressure and temperature of a layer…..191
10.3.1. Pressure in a layer and well in the course of the development of deposits……………………………………….. …191
10.3.2. A difference of pressure of a layer and bore-hall of a well…………………………………………………………………...195
10.3.3. Definition of parameters of pressure of a layer and pressure of a well………………………………………………..….203
10.3.4. Supervision over temperature of a layer and well in the development of deposits………………………..………………….207
10.4.1. Supervision over scope of process of replacement on a layer ………………………………………………………………….211
10.4.2. Construction of a card of scope of influence on a layer..218
10.5.1. Supervision for pumping in a layer of water by
development of oil deposits………………………………………..223
10.5.2. Supervision over productive horizon at pumping of water………………………………………………………….……...227

11-chapter. The control of development a deposit of oil and gas working in various .geological and physical conditions……..…..232

11.1. Basis of the control behind development…………………..234

11.2. Methods of the control behind development within the
limits of the accepted modes of development………………..…..237
11.3. Establishment of technological modes of operations of
gas chinks………………………………………………....…………240
11.4. Substantiation of an interval of lumbago of a layer.……...242
11.5. The control of improvement of development and
ordering of mastering (assimilation) methods…….…………….246

12-chapter. Production of petroleum and gas on deposits……..249

12.1. Annual and five-year planning of production of petroleum250

12.2. Perspective planning of production of petroleum………….252
12.3. Feature of production of gas………………………………...253

13-chapter. The protection of entrails and environment……….255

13.1. General(common) rules …………………………………….255

13.2. The protection of entrails at drilling…………………………258
13.3. The protection of entrails at operation of deposits….……261
13.4. Protection of an environment………………………………..266

The literature