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Translation of a machine typed copy of a letter that Wolfgang Pauli sent to a group of physicists
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Translation of a machine typed copy of a letter that Wolfgang Pauli sent to a group of physicists Dear radioactive ladies and gentlemen, … I have hit upon a ‘desperate remedy’ to save… the law of conservation of energy. Namely the possibility that there exists in the nuclei electrically neutral particles, that I call neutrons… I agree that my remedy could seem incredible… but only the one who dare can win… Unfortunately I cannot appear in person, since I am indispensable at a ball here in Zurich. Your humble servant W. Pauli
(December 4, 1930) COINCIDENCE 6 The two quarks would have occupied precisely the same point with the same properties, and then would not have stayed in the same position for long. And quarks would have not formed separate, well-defined protons and neutrons. And nor would these, together with electrons have formed separate, well-defined atoms. And the world would have collapsed before it ever reached its present size. COINCIDENCE 7 If E and B in light would have been invariant (where E and B are the electric and magnetic fields), then according to the equation dE/dB = c (an equation that successfully unites electricity and magnetism in the framework of the electromagnetic field and asserts electromagnetic disturbances travel at a fixed and never-changing speed equal to that of light): the speed of light c which is dE/dB would have been undefined and all nuclear physics would have to be recalibrated. Nuclear weapons, nuclear medicine and radioactive dating would have been affected because all nuclear reactions are based on Einstein’s relation between matter and energy i.e., E= mc squared. COINCIDENCE 8 If the Boltzmann’s constant was a variable then the universal gas constant (which is Boltzmann’s constant times the Avogadro number) would have been a variable. And kinetic theory of gases would have been much different if the universal gas constant would have been a variable. COINCIDENCE 9 If any one of the constants (absolute permittivity of free space ε0 or absolute permeability of free space μ0) were zero, then c (the speed of light which is = 1 / square root of (ε0 × μ0)) would have been infinite. And if any one of the constants (ε0 or μ0) was a variable, then c would not have remained a fundamental constant. --is a blind leap of faith. We, after all, carbon-based biological systems operating a billion times slower than computer chips made of silicon, can carry the implications of the illusion of intelligent design about as far as we can imagine we could go -- classifying as an argument from design is the contemporary claim that the laws and constants of physics are "fine-tuned" so that the universe is able to contain life – which is commonly -- have been publicized in the popular print media, featured in television specials on PBS and BBC, and disseminated through a wide variety of popular and scholarly books, including entries from prestigious academic publishing houses such as Oxford and Cambridge University Presses -- but misleading. Furthermore, blind faith can justify anything and we have no reason to conclude that earthlike planets and sunlike stars and life itself are far too complex to have arisen by coincidence or could not have had a purely accidental origin because astrobiologists have now demonstrated that captured material from a comet -- analyzed immediately after striking Earth so that effects of contamination by earthly matter are minimal-- possessed lysine, an amino acid, in the sample, suggesting that the evolution of life on Earth had only begun after accidental jump-start from space i.e., the first ingredients of life accidently came from space after Earth formed. On the other hand, we -- survival machines evolved by the principle of natural selection --robot vehicles blindly programmed to preserve the selfish molecules known as genes— who need Newtonian mechanics operating in a three-dimensional universe to have planets circling the sun, multiple stable elements of the periodic table to provide a sufficient variety of atomic "building blocks" for life, need atomic structure to be constrained by the laws of quantum mechanics, further need the orderliness in chemical reactions that is the consequence of Boltzmann's equation for the second law of thermodynamics and for an energy source like the sun transfer its life-giving energy to a habitat like Earth we who require the laws of electromagnetic radiation that Maxwell described— ask a multitude of certain questions contemplating the immense complexity of the cosmos and seek answers on a grand scale which points firmly to the fact that is daunting, but still short of proof that every design, every adaptation, and every act fits comfortably inside a survival sceptical viewpoint. However, it is tempting to believe, but, the apparent survival-tuning is something bordering on the mysterious........ there is no rational explanation for the cause of the appropriateness of the language of survival. Is it a product of cosmic coincidence or merely an exceedingly ingenious design product of an intelligent designer or an act of a superior will (people of faith believe it as God’s signature or a pinnacle of God’s divine handiwork)? In the millennia of Homo sapiens evolution, we have found it something quite... puzzling. Even that great Jewish scientist Albert Einstein (who freed us from the superstition of the past and interpreted the constancy of the speed of light as a universal principle of nature that contradicted Newtonian theory) sustained a mystical outlook on the universe that was, he said, constantly renewed from the wonder and humility that filled him when he gazed at the universe. I wonder, can our finite minds ever truly understand such things as mysticism and infinity? The scientific community is prepared to consider the idea that God is the cause of the appropriateness of the language of survival a more respectable hypothesis today than at any time in the last 100 years. But Victor Stenger arguments deny the existence of an intelligent creator, or God or super natural will who crafted the survival tuning or survival habitation in planet Earth.
Question: Why the electron moves around the nucleus? Answer:
If it does not move around the nucleus, it cannot generate centrifugal force. If it does not generate centrifugal force, it will be pulled into the nucleus. The electron revolves around the nucleus because it wants to survive itself from being pulled into the nucleus due to the electrostatic force attraction of the nucleus. Similarly, in order to survive itself from being pulled into the sun due to the gravitational force attraction of the sun, earth moves around the sun. in order to survive itself from being pulled towards the earth due to the gravitational force attraction of the earth, moon moves around the earth. Question: Why the earth spins? Answer:
If it does not spin, it cannot generate magnetic field. If it does not generate magnetic field, it cannot deflect and protect itself from the incoming asteroids. The earth spins because it wants to survive itself from the incoming asteroids. Question: Why the neutron combines with proton to form nucleus? Answer:
If it does not combine with proton, then it will remain unbound. If it remains unbound, it will decay into its constituent particles. The neutron combines with proton because it wants to survive itself from the decay into a proton (plus an electron and an antineutrino). Question: Why the cells are linked to each other? Answer:
If they do not, then they won’t be able to survive long. Question: Why the electron is elemental? Answer:
The electron is elemental because it wants to survive itself from the decay into lighter particles – such as photons and less massive neutrinos. Question: Why the earth holds the atmosphere? Answer:
If it does not hold the atmosphere, then it cannot protect itself from the space junk that would do damage to it. The earth holds the atmosphere because it wants to survive itself from the incoming space junks. Question: Why the camel bear hump? Answer:
If it does not, then it cannot store fat. If it does not store fat, then it cannot last for several months without food. The camel bear hump because it wants to survive successfully in desert conditions. Question: Why the empty space produces virtual particles? Answer:
The empty space produces virtual particles because it wants to survive itself from its instability. Though unstable it ceases to exist. Question: Why the universe expands? Answer:
If it does not, then gravity will collapse it into a hot fire ball called singularity. The universe expands because it wants to survive from the big crunch. Question: Why the objects scatter light? Answer:
The objects scatter light because they want to survive themselves from invisibility. Question: Why the green plants bear tiny molecular pigments called chlorophyll? Answer:
If they do not, they cannot carry out a dye sensitized photochemical redox process – the conversion of sunlight, water and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and oxygen i.e., the process of photosynthesis. The green plants bear chlorophyll pigments because they want to carry out the process of photosynthesis to manufacture their own food and survive. Question: Why a flying Bat emit ultrasonic waves? Answer:
If it does not, then it cannot catch its prey. The bat emits ultrasonic because it wants to survive itself from starvation. Question: Why the star emits radiation? Answer:
If it does not, then it cannot balance the inward gravitational pull. The star emits radiation because it wants to survive itself from the gravitational collapse. Question: Why the black hole absorbs mass? Answer:
If it does not, then it will eventually disappear more rapidly due to the process of Hawking radiation. The black hole absorbs mass because it wants to survive long. Question: Why the green plants bear stomata? Answer:
If they do not, then they cannot respire through their leaves and they cannot exchange gases necessary for cellular processes such as photosynthesis. The green plants bear stomata because it wants to carry out cellular processes in order to survive. Question: Why Do Cactus bear painful Spines? Answer:
If it does not, then it cannot protect itself from the attack of javelina, tortoises and pack rats. The cactus bears painful spines because it wants to survive itself from the attack of animals and people. Question: Why do deer have long legs and narrow hooves? Answer:
If it does not, it cannot be swift runner and good jumper. The deer have long legs and narrow hooves because it wants to survive itself from the attack of humans, wolves, mountain lions, bears, jaguars, and coyotes. Question: Why do Polar bear possess thick layer of fur? Answer:
The Polar bear possess thick layer of fur because it wants to survive itself from the cold, snowy inhospitable climate. Professor Victor Stenger’s ARGUMENTS that proves God (who created humans as a distinct life-form) does not exist ARGUMENT 1 An All-Virtuous Being Cannot Exist
ARGUMENT 2 A Perfect Creator Cannot Exist
ARGUMENT 3 A Transcendent Being Cannot Be Omnipresent
ARGUMENT 3 A Personal Being Cannot Be Nonphysical
ARGUMENT 4 A Lack of Evidence No objective evidence is found, concluding beyond a reasonable doubt that a God does not exist. (For more arguments please refer the book: God The failed Hypothesis by Victor J. Stenger). In January of 1936, a young girl named Phyllis wrote to Albert Einstein on behalf of her Sunday school class, and asked, "Do scientists pray?" Her letter, and Einstein's reply, can be read below.
January 19, 1936 My dear Dr. Einstein, We have brought up the question: Do scientists pray? in our Sunday school class. It began by asking whether we could believe in both science and religion. We are writing to scientists and other important men, to try and have our own question answered. We will feel greatly honored if you will answer our question: Do scientists pray, and what do they pray for? We are in the sixth grade, Miss Ellis's class. Respectfully yours, Phyllis
Einstein’s reply: January 24, 1936 Dear Phyllis, I will attempt to reply to your question as simply as I can. Here is my answer: Scientists believe that every occurrence, including the affairs of human beings, is due to the laws of nature. Therefore a scientist cannot be inclined to believe that the course of events can be influenced by prayer, that is, by a supernaturally manifested wish. However, we must concede that our actual knowledge of these forces is imperfect, so that in the end the belief in the existence of a final, ultimate spirit rests on a kind of faith. Such belief remains widespread even with the current achievements in science. But also, everyone who is seriously involved in the pursuit of science becomes convinced that some spirit is manifest in the laws of the universe, one that is vastly superior to that of man. In this way the pursuit of science leads to a religious feeling of a special sort, which is surely quite different from the religiosity of someone more naive. With cordial greetings, your A. Einstein
“Although Nature needs thousands or millions of years to create a new species, man needs only a few dozen years to destroy one.” : Victor Scheffer We humans, who began as a mineral and then emerged into plant life and into the animal state and then to being aggressive mortal beings fought a survival struggle in caveman days, to get more food, territory or partner with whom to reproduce, now are glued to the TV set, marveling at the adventures of science and their dazzling array of futuristic technology from teleportation to telekinesis: rocket ships, fax machines, supercomputers, a worldwide communications network, gas-powered automobiles and high-speed elevated trains. The science has opened up an entirely new world for us. And our lives have become easier and more comfortable. With the help of science we have estimated about 8,000 chemotherapeutic exogenous non-nutritive chemical substances which when taken in the solid form by the mouth enter the digestive tract and there they are transformed into a solution and passed on to the liver where they are chemically altered and finally released into the blood stream. And through blood they reach the site of action and binds reversibly to the target cell surface receptors to produce their pharmacological effect. And after their pharmacological effect they slowly detaches from the receptor. And then they are sent to the liver. And there they are transformed into a more water soluble compound called metabolite and released from the body through urine, sweat, saliva, and excretory products. However, the long term use of chemotherapeutic drugs for diseases like cancer, diabetes leads to side effects. And the side effects — including nausea, loss of hair, loss of strength, permanent organ damage to the heart, lung, liver, kidneys, or reproductive system etc. — are so severe that some patients rather die of disease than subjecting themselves to this torture. And smallpox (an acute contagious disease caused by the variola virus, a member of the orthopoxvirus family) was a leading cause of death in 18th century, and the inexorable spread of the disease reliably recorded the death rate of some hundred thousand people. And the death toll surpassed 5000 people a day. Yet Edward Jenner, an English physician, noticed something special occurring in his small village. People who were exposed to cowpox did not get smallpox when they were exposed to the disease. Concluding that cowpox could save people from smallpox, Edward purposely infected a young boy who lived in his village first with cowpox, then with smallpox. Fortunately, Edward’s hypothesis worked well. He had successfully demonstrated the world’s first vaccine and eradicated the disease. And vaccines which once saved humanity from the smallpox (which was a leading cause of death in 18th century England), now have associated with the outbreaks of diseases like pertussis (whooping cough) which have begun showing up in the United States in the past forty years.
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Used for: Arthritis Side effect: Heart attack In 1930s, Paul Hermann Muller a research chemist at the firm of Geigy in Basel, with the help of science introduced the first modern insecticide (DDT: dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane) and it won him the 1948 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for its credit of saving thousands of human lives in World War II by killing typhus-carrying lice and malaria-carrying mosquitoes, dramatically reducing Malaria and Yellow Fever around the world. But in the late 1960s DDT which was a world saver was no longer in public favor – it was blamed moderately hazardous and carcinogenic. And most applications of DDT were banned in the U.S. and many other countries. However, DDT is still legally manufactured in the U.S., but only sold to foreign countries. At a time when Napoleon was almost disturbing whole of Europe due to his aggressive policies and designs and most of the world was at war – the science gave birth to the many inventions which took place in the field of textile industry and due to invention of steam engine and development of means of transportation and communication. Though it gave birth in England, yet its inventions spread all over the world in a reasonably period. And rapid industrialization was a consequence of new inventions and demand for expansion of large industrial cities led to the large scale exploitation of agricultural land. And socio-economic growth was peaking, as industries were booming, and agricultural lands were decreasing, as the world enjoyed the fruits of the rapid industrialization. As a result of this, the world’s population was growing at an exponential rate and the world’s food supply was not in the pace of the population’s increase. And this resulted in widespread famine in many parts of the world, such as England, and as starvation was rampant. In that time line, science suppressed that situation by producing more ammonia through the Haber Bosch Process (more ammonia, more fertilizers. more fertilizers, more food production). But at the same time, science which solved the world’s hunger problems also led to the production of megatons of TNT (trinitrotoluene) and other explosives which were dropped on all the cities leading to the death of some hundred million people. Rapid industrialization which once raised the economic and living standard of the people has now become a major global issue. The full impact of an industrial fuel economy has led to the global warming (i.e., the increase of Earth’s average surface temperature due to effect of too much carbon dioxide emissions from industrial centers which acts as a blanket, trap heat and warm the planet).And as a result, Greenland’s ice shelves have started to shrink permanently, disrupting the world’s weather by altering the flow of ocean and air currents around the planet. And violent swings in the climate have started to appear in the form of floods, droughts, snow storms and hurricanes. And industries are the main sources of sulfur dioxide emission and automobiles for nitrogen oxides. And the oxides of nitrogen and sulfur combine with the moisture in the atmosphere to form acids. And these acids reach the Earth as rain, snow, or fog and react with minerals in the soil and release deadly toxins and affect a variety of plants and animals on the earth. And these acids damage buildings, historic monuments, and statues, especially those made of rocks, such as limestone and marble, that contain large amounts of calcium carbonate. For example, acid rain has reacted with the marble (calcium carbonate) of Taj Mahal causing immense damage to this wonderful structure (i.e., Taj is changing color). And science once introduced refrigerators for prolonging storage of food but now refrigerators are the active sources of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) which interact with the UV light during which chlorine is separated. And this chlorine in turn destroys a significant amount of the ozone in the high atmosphere admitting an intense dose of harmful ultraviolet radiation. And the increased ultraviolet flux produces the related health effects of skin cancer, cataracts, and immune suppression and produces a permanent change in the nucleotide sequence and lead to changes in the molecules the cell produce, which modify and ultimately affect the process of photosynthesis and destroy green plants. And the massive extinction of green plants may lead to famine and immense death of all living species including man. Fertilizers which once provided a sufficient amount of the essential nitrates to plants to synthesize chlorophyll and increase crop growth to feed the growing population and satisfy the demand for food, has now blamed for causing hypertrophication i.e., fertilizers left unused in soil are carried away by rain water into lakes and rivers, and then to coastal estuaries and bays. And the overload of fertilizers induces explosive growth of algal blooms, which prevents light from getting into the water and thereby preventing the aquatic plants from photosynthesizing, a process which provides oxygen in the water to animals that need it, like fish and crabs. So, in addition to the lack of oxygen from photosynthesis, when algal blooms die they decompose and they are acted upon by microorganisms. And this decomposition process consumes oxygen, which reduces the concentration of dissolved oxygen. And the depleted oxygen levels in turn lead to fish kills and a range of other effects promoting the loss of species biodiversity. And the large scale exploitation of forests for industrialization and residential purposes has not only led to the loss of biodiversity but has led the diseases like AIDS (Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome caused by a virus called HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) which alters the immune system, making victim much more vulnerable to infections and diseases) to transmit from forests to cities. At the dawn of the early century, the entire world was thoroughly wedded to fossil fuels in the form of oil, natural gas, and coal to satisfy the demand for energy. And as a result, fossil fuels were becoming increasingly rare and were slowly dooming to extinction. In that period, science (upon the work of Curie and Einstein) introduced nuclear fission reaction (the process by which a heavy nucleus breaks down into two or more smaller nuclei, releasing energy. For example: if we hit a uranium-235 nucleus with a neutron, it split into a krypton nucleus, a barium nucleus, three neutrons, and energy) as an alternate to the world’s energy supply and therefore prevented the world economy from coming to a grinding halt. But at the same time science introduced nuclear fission reaction to produce thousands of nuclear weapons, which were dropped on all the cities in World War II amounted to some two million tons, two megatons, of TNT, which flattened heavily reinforced buildings many kilometers away, the firestorm, the gamma rays and the thermal neutrons, which effectively fried the people. A school girl who survived the nuclear attack on Hiroshima, the event that ended the Second World War, wrote this first-hand account: “Through a darkness like the bottom of hell, I could hear the voices of the other students calling for their mothers. And at the base of the bridge, inside a big cistern that had been dug out there, was a mother weeping, holding above her head a naked baby that was burned red all over its body. And another mother was crying and sobbing as she gave her burned breast to her baby. In the cistern the students stood with only their heads above the water, and their two hands, which they clasped as they imploringly cried and screamed, calling for their parents. But every single person who passed was wounded, all of them, and there was no one, there was no one to turn to for help. And the singed hair on the heads of the people was frizzled and whitish and covered with dust. They did not appear to be human, not creatures of this world.” Nuclear breakthroughs have now turned out to be the biggest existential threat to human survival. Nuclear waste is banking up at every single nuclear site. And as a result, every nation is suffering from a massive case of nuclear constipation (that Causes Intractable Chronic Constipation in Children). Ninety-one percent of world adults and 60 percent of teens own this device that has revolutionized the most indispensable accessories of professional and social life. Science once introduced this device for wireless communication but now they are pointed to as a possible cause of everything from infertility to cancer to other health issues. And in a study conducted at the University of London, researchers sampled 390 cell phones to measure for levels of pathogenic bacteria. The results of the study showed that 92 percent of the cell phones sampled had heavily colonized by high quantities of various types of disease-prone bacteria with high resistances to commonly used antibiotics (around 25,000 bacteria per square inch) and the results concluded that their ability to transmit diseases of which the mobile phones are no exception. The fluoridation of water at optimal levels has been shown to be highly beneficial to the development of tooth enamel and prevention of dental cavities since the late 1800s. And studies showed that children who drink water fluoridated at optimal levels can experience 20 to 40 per cent less tooth decay. But now fluoridation of water has termed to cause lower IQ, memory loss, cancer, kidney stones & kidney failures – faster than any other chemical. Science once introduced irradiation to prevent food poisoning by destroying molds, bacteria (such as one – celled animal ‘Amoeba’ – that have as much information in their DNA as 1,000 Encyclopedia Britannicas – which is almost unbelievably minute form of life which, after being cut into six separate parts, is able to produce six complete bodies to carry on as though nothing had happened), yeast and virus (the smallest living things which cannot reproduce itself unaided and therefore it is lifeless in the true sense. But when placed in the plasma of a living cell and, in forty eight minutes it can reproduce itself four hundred times) and control microbial infestation. But now it has been blamed to cause the loss of nutrients, for example vitamin E levels can be reduced by 25% after irradiation and vitamin C by 5-10% and damage food by breaking up molecules and creating free radicals. And these free radicals combine with existing chemicals (like preservatives) in the food to produce deadly toxins. This has caused some food manufacturers to limit or avoid the process and bills have even been introduced to ban irradiated foods in public cafeterias or to require irradiated food to carry sensational warning labels. And the rapid advancement of science combined with human aggression and aim for global supremacy has led even the smaller nations to weaponize anthrax spores and other viruses for maximum death and destruction. And thus the entire planet is gripped with fear that one day a terrorist group may pay to gain access to weaponized H5N1 flu and other viruses. And the rapid development of nuclear technology has led to the banking up of nuclear waste at every single nuclear site. And as a result, every nation is suffering from a massive case of nuclear constipation. And the enormous automation, capacity of artificial intelligence and their ability to interact like humans has caused the humans to be replaced by artificial intelligence. But now artificial intelligence is taking off on its own, and re-designing itself at an ever increasing rate. And this has turned out to be the biggest existential threat to human survival (i.e., one day artificial intelligence may plan for a war against humanity). Highly toxic gases, poisons, defoliants, and every technological state are planning for it to disable or destroy people or their domestic animals, to damage their crops, and/or to deteriorate their supplies, threaten every citizen, not just of a nation, but of the world. Note: DNA carries information but cannot put that information to use, or even copy itself without the help of RNA and protein. You find it strange that I consider the comprehensibility of the world (to the extent that we are authorized to speak of such a comprehensibility) as a miracle or as an eternal mystery. Well, a priori one should expect a chaotic world, which cannot be grasped by the mind in any way.... The kind of order created by Newton's theory of gravitation, for example, is wholly different. Even if man proposes the axioms of the theory, the success of such a project presupposes a high degree of ordering of the objective world, and this could not be expected a priori. That is the "miracle" which is being constantly reinforced as our knowledge expands. --Albert Einstein Did you know that In Dirac’s “hole” picture — when a photon kicks an electron out of the infinite negative energy sea, it leaves a hole that behaves as if it had positive energy and positive charge (i.e., an antielectron). This is pair production. Yüklə 283,52 Kb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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