Achtung! Dies ist eine Internet-Sonderausgabe des Aufsatzes „How to kill a cow in Avestan“ von Jost Gippert (1996). Sie sollte nicht zitiert werden. Zitate sind der Originalausgabe in Mír curad. Studies in honor of Calvert Watkins, ed
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How to kill a cow in Avestan 169
The contents are clear for the first sentence which concerns Sraoša (“obedience”), the yazata Yt. 11 is dedicated to in general 11 : “We worship Sraoša, the one (receiving) allotments, [of beautiful build, victorious, supporting the (living) world, a righteous Ratu (‘ruler’) of truth], whom Ahura Mazd¯a created, the righteous one, as a destroyer of A¯ešma (‘blood- thirstiness’), the one having a cruel wood(en weapon).” The following sentence is less clear as it stands. According to normal Avestan usage, we should expect h ˛ am.vai ˙nt¯ım to be an epithet (“winning, overwhelming”) of ¯axšt¯ım “peace”: “We worship overwhelming peace” 12 . But hama¯est¯ara as well as haxaiia which introduces every line in 11,16 have to be interpreted as dual forms, thus forcing us to take ¯axšt¯ım and h ˛ am.vai ˙nt¯ım as two independent nouns, arranged in an asyndetic way: “peace (and) victory, the two destroyers .., the two friends ..”. The dual forms cannot be assumed to cover sraoša- plus ¯axšti- (“obedience and peace”) because of the first line in 11,16 talking about “the two friends of Sraoša, the one receiving allotments”: Sraoša could hardly have been called his own friend. The situation becomes more complex if we consider the manuscript tradition concerning the two elements depending on hama¯est¯ara. G ELDNER ’s text agrees with the one present in K20, a codex mostly containing plain Pahlavi texts 13 . The most similar readings can be found in younger collective manu- scripts of this type (partially at least descending from K20), viz. M4, P7, P14 and Ml2, as well as some Khorde Avesta mss. 14 , viz. J10, J15, K18, K36, W1, L12. To this group we may add the Khorde Avesta mss. published under the names of R 411, “J1”, MU 27 15 , and TD23 16 by J
AMASP A SA / N AWABI
(1976f/b/g/a). Quite a different tradition reveals itself in a third group of manuscripts mostly con- taining the text of the Yasht sequence proper (i.e., not as part of a Khorda Avesta collection) or single Yashts. The leading one of these mss. is F1 17 which reads astar e taca. amuiia.mana.; it shows no trace of *hama¯est¯ara but continues immediately with 11,16 (haxiia). The same text is present in E1 but also in the Khorde Avesta mss. Pt1, Mb1, J16 18 ; an equivalent tradition is further met with in the mss. L18, P13, Jm4, 11 For a complete translation of Yt. 11 cf. K REYENBROEK 1985, 59 sqq. 12 Cf. W
OLFF 1910, 224 n. 5 according to whom the present usage is “im Gegensatz zu den sonstigen Stellen, wo die Worte ¯axšt¯ım h ˛
13 K20 is easily accessible through the facsimile edition published by A. C HRISTENSEN (1931); the passage in question appears on p. 304 / fol. 157v. The codex was neatly descirbed in H AUG
/ W EST
1872, V sqq. 14 The following readings are taken from G ELDNER ’s apparatus if nothing else is indicated. 15 “J1”, p. 119 / MU 27, p. 137 of the facsimile editions; the second 〈i〉 in mrauuaii˚¯asca is added above the line in “J1”. This is certainly not the J1 as used by G ELDNER .
p. 165 of the facsimile edition; the peculiar (defective) reading may be due to the ornamental writing style of the slanted lines it is contained in. 17 F1 is now easily accessible through the facsimile edition by K.M. J AMASPASA (1991); the text passage in question appears on p. 161. 18 From G ELDNER ’s apparatus it is not clear whether this ms. omits hama¯est¯ara as the others do. — The reading astar e taca amuiiamana is also found in the Yasht ms. R 115 (ed. J AMASP
A SA / N AWABI
1976c, 656). 170 Jost Gippert O3, L11. A special case is M35, a collective ms. which contains two versions of the text of Y. 11, starting from 11,15; here, we find both wordings side by side 19 . And a
peculiar position is maintained by K22 which contains patar e tasca alongside with amauiia, thus standing somewhat in between the two traditions. For easy convenience, the ms. readings are listed here according to the two groupings (the mss. not collated by G ELDNER
are marked by parentheses): K20-group K20
M4
P7
P14
par e tasca. ?? ?? Ml2
par e tasca.mrauuaii˚¯ascahama¯est¯ar e m.[!] (R411
par e tasca. mruuaii˚¯asca hama¯est¯ara.) (“J1”
par e tasca. mrauuaii˚¯asca. ham¯est¯ara.) (MU27 par e tasca. mrauuaii˚¯asca. ham¯est¯ara.) (TD23
J10
p e r e tasca. mraoii˚¯asca hama¯est¯ara. J15
p e r e tasca. mrauuaii˚¯asca hama¯estara. K18
par e sta–sca. maruuaii˚¯asca hama¯est¯ara. K36
par e štasca. mrauuaii˚¯asca hama¯est¯ara. W1
L12
M35A
par e tasca. marauuaii˚¯asca. F1-group
F1 astar e taca. amuiia.mana. + haxiia. E1
Pt1
Mb1
astar e taca. amuiia.mana. J16
astar e taca. amuiia.mana. (R115
astar e taca. amuiiamana.) P13
astr e taca. amuiia.mana. L18
astir e taca. amuiia.mana. Jm4
astir e taca. amuuiiamna. O3
L11
M35B
astar e taca. amuiia.mana. K22 patar e tasca amauiia. J. K ELLENS
was right then in pointing out that the wording of the second ms. group is equivalent to a passage in Vispered (Vr. 7,1). According to G ELDNER , this runs as follows: (Vr. 7,1) vaca. aršuxda. yazamaide: sraoˇ˙s e m. aˇ˙s¯ım. yazamaide: aˇ˙s¯ım. va o
nair¯ım. sa o
¯axšt¯ım. h ˛ am.vai ˙nt¯ım. yazamaide: ast e r e taca. amuiiamna. yazamaide: aˇ˙s¯aun ˛ amca. frauuaˇ˙saii¯o. yazamaide: ... Here, we find both Sraoša and ¯axšti- h ˛ am.vai ˙nti- again, followed by a sequence ast e r e taca. amuiiamna. which looks nearly identical with what the F1-group has in Yt. 11,15. From this fact K ELLENS concluded that the latter was secondarily adopted (“interprétation secondaire”) to the wording of Vr. 7,1, maintaining that the tradition of the K20 group represents the lectio difficilior. There can be no doubt that both passages are connected in a way. But given that the verses in question contain hapax legomena in both versions, we may ask whether these might not represent one original wording lastly, the divergences having developed only secondarily. 19 From G
ELDNER ’s edition, it is not clear whether hama¯est¯ara appears in M35. Yüklə 167,53 Kb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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