“An extension of the current Web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation.”

“An extension of the current Web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation.”

• “An extension of the current Web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation.”
• Sir Tim Berners-Lee et al., Scientific American, 2001: tinyurl.com/i59p
• “…allowing the Web to reach its full potential…” with far-reaching consequences
• “The next generation of the Web”

Tim Berners-Lee has a vision of a Semantic Web which

• Tim Berners-Lee has a vision of a Semantic Web which

• has machine-understandable semantics of information, and
• millions of small specialized reasoning services that provide support in automated task achievement based on the accessible information

The word “semantic” stands for “the meaning of”:

• The word “semantic” stands for “the meaning of”:

• The Beatles were a popular band from Liverpool; Lennon was a member of the Beatles; "Hey Jude" was recorded by the Beatles

• The Semantic Web is a Web that is able to describe things in a way that computers can process

The semantic Web is essentially based on ontologies

• The semantic Web is essentially based on ontologies

• ontologies are formal and consensual specifications of conceptualizations…
• providing a shared and common understanding of a domain that can be communicated across people and application systems

Ontologies describe concepts and their

• Ontologies describe concepts and their

• Relations.

Integrating - trying to solve the problem of data and service integration

• Integrating - trying to solve the problem of data and service integration

• Searching - Providing better communication between human and computers by adding machine-processable semantics to data.

Top-Down approach: Building up different domain ontologies for better data integration and communication within the domain:

• Top-Down approach: Building up different domain ontologies for better data integration and communication within the domain:

• PapiNet.org: Vocabulary for Paper Industry
• BPMI.org: Vocabulary for exchanging Business Process Models
• XML-HR: Vocabularies for human resources (HR)
• DMTF: Distributed Management Task Force: Vocabularies for managing enterprises

Another chance for “Artificial Intelligence (AI)”?

• Another chance for “Artificial Intelligence (AI)”?

• Knowledge Representation (representing semantics)
• Logic Programming (reasoning semantics)

• Decisions for:

• Background logic for semantic web language (RDF, OWL)
• Description Logic
• DAPAR + EU = DAML+OIL (in 2001)

Too much AI

• Too much AI

• Ontologies are too heavy
• Too many axioms, complicated rules, concepts and relationships
• Things are too formal
• Too many formal logic, logic reasoning,
• Knowledge base, expert system

Struggle to form a community

• Struggle to form a community

• EU funding – ontoweb project (http://cordis.europa.eu/ist/ka3/iaf/projects/ontoweb.htm)
• Lay the foundation for the birth of the Semantic Web community
• Now it is continued as KnowledgeWeb (http://knowledgeweb.semanticweb.org/semanticportal/sewView/frames.html)

Stand in the scientific community

• Stand in the scientific community

• Own international conference (ISWC, ESWC, ASWC)
• Own journal (JoDS)
• A research field -- topics in many other major conferences
• Education

• Chances in Industry

• Semantic Technology (http://www.semantic-conference.com/)
• Europe

The term Web 2.0 was made popular by Tim O’Reilly:

• The term Web 2.0 was made popular by Tim O’Reilly:

• http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.html

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2.0

• “Web 2.0 … has … come to refer to what some people describe as a second phase of architecture and application development for the World Wide Web.”

• The Web where “ordinary” users can meet, collaborate, and share using social software applications on the Web (tagged content, social bookmarking, AJAX, etc.)

• Popular examples include:

• Bebo, del.icio.us, digg, Flickr, Google Maps, Skype, Technorati, orkut, 43 Things, Wikipedia…

http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.html

• http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.html

• The Web as platform

• Harnessing collective intelligence

• Data is the next “Intel Inside”

• Rich user experiences

Project aims to

• Project aims to

• Publish existing open license datasets as linked data on the web
• Interlink things between different data sources
• Develop clients and applications that consume linked data from the web

Academic

• Academic

• MIT, Univ Southampton, DERI, Open Univ, Univ London, Univ Hannover, Penn State Univ, Univ Leipzig, Univ Karlsruhe, Joanneum (AT), Free Univ Berlin, Cyc, SouthEast Univ (CN), …

• Commercial

• BBC, OpenLink, Talis, Zitgist, Garlik, Mondeca, Renault, Boad Interactive

It will lift current document web up to a data web

• It will lift current document web up to a data web

• LOD browsers can let you navigate between different data sources by following RDF links.

• It can drill down to the lower granularity of the information

• allowing you for more fine search on the web
• making the question-answer search on the Web possible
• meshing up different data through RDF links
• Making the built-on-top application easier

Semantic Technology Conferences – The major industrial conference in semantic web area.

• Semantic Technology Conferences – The major industrial conference in semantic web area.

• Attendance include major IT giants (Google, Yahoo, IBM, Oracle, Intel, Vulcan

• Rader Networks Company raised $18M to implement semantics

• Twine (a collective semantic knowledge space): http://www.twine.com/

Semantic forums

• Semantic forums

• Semantic blogs

• Semantic wikis

• Semantic social nets

• Semantic desktop

• Semantic Web +

• social software

The Semantic Web effort is mainly towards producing standards and recommendations that will interlink data and applications

• The Semantic Web effort is mainly towards producing standards and recommendations that will interlink data and applications

• The Web 2.0 is about providing user applications

• Not mutually exclusive:

• http://www.oreillynet.com/xml/blog/2005/10/is_web_20_killing_the_semantic.html
• With a little effort, many Web 2.0 applications can and do use Semantic Web technologies to great benefit

Document Web

• Document Web

• Glued by hyperlinks
• Data are HTML pages
• Query result is HTML pages, which can not be further processed
• Data are just interlinked, but not integrated
• Data access through different APIs

Social Web + Semantic Web  Next generation Web

• Social Web + Semantic Web  Next generation Web

• Document Web  Data Web  Service Web

Google could be superseded, says web inventor:

• Google could be superseded, says web inventor:

• TimesOnline: http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/article3532832.ece

• Google 2.0 embraces Semantic Web

• Government Computer News: http://www.gcn.com/online/vol1_no1/44290-1.html#

Contact

• Contact

• Ying Ding

• LI029

• [phone]

• [e-mail]