Andhra university
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- Bu səhifədəki naviqasiya:
- ACHT3.2: ORGANIC SPECTROSCOPY
- ACHT3.3 : ORGANIC SYNTHESIS
- ACST3.51 : MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
III SemesterACHT3.1: INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS Uv-visible Spectrophotometry: Principle, Beer -Lambert Law, instrumentation, advantages, applications and limitations of Spectrophotometery, , single and double beam spectrophotometers, Analysis of mixtures
1. Vogel’s Text book of quantitative chemical analysis; G. H. Jeffery et. al. Addison Wesley Longman 2. Instrumental methods of analysis, H.H. Willard, L.L. Merritt, Jr., J.A. Dean and F.A. Settle, Jr., Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York 3. Modern analytical chemistry; David Harvey; McGraw Hill 4. Principles and practice of analytical chemistry; F. W. Fifield & D. Kealey, Blackwell Science 6. Automatic methods of analysis, M. Valcarcel, M. D. Luque de Castro, Elsevier, Vol. 9 7. Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Skoog, Holler and Wieman, Harcount Asia, ACHT3.2: ORGANIC SPECTROSCOPYInfrared spectroscopy : Units of frequency, wave length and wave number-molecular vibrations-factors influencing vibrational frequencies of organic molecules and interpretation of spectra . Ultraviolet spectroscopy : Introduction ,the absorption laws ,measurement of the spectrum ,chromophores ,standard works of reference, definitions , applications of UV spectroscopy to conjugated dienes ,trienes ,unsaturated carbonyl compounds and aromatic compounds . Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Proton –NMR: Introduction , basic principles, the chemical shift, the intensity of NMR signals - factors affecting the chemical shifts- spin-spin coupling. some simple splitting patterns- the magnitude of coupling constants-first order spectrum-interpretation of spectra . Chemical shift reagents- nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE).The Fourier transform technique. Carbon -13 NMR : Introduction -Spin decoupling- chemical shifts - interpretation of spectra . The DEPT experiment. Mass Spectroscopy : Basic principles : instrumentation : the mass spectrometer , isotope abundances, the molecular ion ,meta stable ions. Fragmentation processes-mass spectra of some chemical classes-interpretation of spectra . Text books : 1.Spectroscopic methods in Organic chemistry . Forth Edition D.M williams and I.Flemings Tata –McGraw Hill , New Delhi 2.Organic Spectroscopy ,W.Kemp ,ELBS Macmillan Books in references : 1.Applications of absorption of Spectroscopy of Organic compounds J.R.Dyer , prentice Hall of India ,New Delhi ,1984 . 2.Spectrometric identification of Organic Compounds , Sixth Edition, R.M Silverstein ; F.X.Webster ,Johne Willey ,Singapore. ACHT3.3 : ORGANIC SYNTHESISFormation of carbon –carbon single bonds : alkylation via enolate, the enamine and related reactions, umploung (dipole inversion ) – the aldol reaction –applications of organo palladium , organo nickel and organo copper reagents- applications of α-thiocarbanions, α- selenocarbanions and sulphur ylids -synthetic applications of carbenes and carbenoiods. Formation of carbon –carbon double bonds:β-Elimination reactions, pyrolytic syn eliminations, sulphoxide –sulphenate rearrangement- the wittig and related reactions- alkenes from arylsulphonylhydrazones –claisen rearrangement of allyl vinyl ethers. Reactions of unactivated carbon-hydrogen bonds: The Hoffmann-Loeffler –Freytag reaction –The Barton reaction –Photolysis of organic hypohalites . Synthetic applications of organo boranes and organo silanes . Organo boranes : Preparation of organo boranes viz hydroboration with BH3 –THF ,dicylohexyl borane , disiamyl borane ,thexyl borane ,9-BBN and di-isopinocampheyl borane.Functional group transformations of organo boranes: oxidation ,protonolysis and rearrangements .Formation of carbon - carbon bonds viz organo boranes carbonylation ,the cyanoborate process and reaction of alkenyl boranes. Organo silanes : Synthetic applications of trimethylsilyl chloride, dimethyl –t-butylsilyl chloride , trimethylsilyl cyanide, trimethylsilyl iodide and trimethylsilyl triflate. Synthetic applications of α-silyl carbanions and β-silyl carbonium ions. Phase transfer catalysis –principle and applications. Oxidation : Oxidations of hydrocarbons , alkenes , alcohols aldehydes and ketones oxidative coupling reactions . Use of Pb(OAc)4, NBS, CrO3 ,SeO2 , MnO2 , alkoxyluphonium salts, KMnO4 ,OsO4 , RuO4 , peracid and Tl(III)nitrate . Reduction: Catalytic hydrogenation(homogeneous and heterogeneous ),reduction by dissolving metals , reduction by hydride transfer reagents, reduction with hydrazine and diimide ,selectivity in reduction of nitroso and nitro compounds , reductive cleavage . Design of Organic synthesis : Retrosynthesis-the disconnection approach –basic principles convergent and linear synthesis . SUGGESTED BOOKS FOR READING 1.Modern Methods of Organic Sysnthesis by W.Carruthers 2.Modern Sysnthetic Reactions by H.O.House 3.Organic Sysnthesis by Robert & Ireland 4.Designing Organic Sysnthesis by B Staurt Warron 5.Organic Sysnthesis by S.Warrant ACST3.51 : MEDICINAL CHEMISTRYDrug Design: Development of new drugs, procedures followed in drug design, concepts of lead compound and lead modification, concepts of pro-drugs and soft- drugs, structure activity relationship (SAR), factors affecting bioactivity, resonance, inductive effect, isosterism, bio-isosterism, spatial considerations. Theories of drug activity: occupancy theory, rate theory, induced fit theory. Quantitative structure activity relationship. History and development of QSAR. Concepts of drug receptors. Elementary treatment of drug receptor interactions. Physico-chemical parameters: lipophilicity, partition coefficient, electronic ionization constants, steric, Shelton and surface activity parameters and redox potentials. Free-Wilson analysis, Hansch analysis, relationships between Free-Wilson and Hansch analysis. LD-50, ED-50. Pharmacokinetics: Introduction to drug absorption, disposition, elimination using pharmacokinetics, important pharmacokinetic parameters in defining drug disposition and in therapeutics. Mention of uses of pharmacokinetics in drug development process. Pharmacodynamics: Introduction, elementary treatment of enzyme stimulation, enzyme inhibition, sulphonamides, membrane active drugs, drug metabolism, xenobiotics, biotransformation, significance of drug metabolism in medicinal chemistry. Antineoplastic Agents: Introduction, cancer chemotherapy, special problems, role of alkylating agents and antimetabolites in treatment of cancer. Mention of carcinolytic antibiotics and mitotic inhibitors.Synthesis of mechlorethamine, cyclophosphamide, melphalan, uracil, mustards and 6-mercaptopurine. Recent development in cancer chemotherapy. Hormone and natural products. Cardiovascular Drugs: Introduction, cardiovascular diseases, drug inhibitors of peripheral sympathetic function, central intervention of cardiovascular output. Direct acting arteriolar dilators. Synthesis of amyl nitrate, sorbitrate, diltiazem, quinidine, verapamil, methyldopa, atenolol, oxyprenolol. Local Antiinfective Drugs: Introduction and general mode of action. Synthesis of sulphonamides, furazolidone, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, dapsone, amino salicylic acid, isoniazid, ethionamide, ethambutal, fluconazole, econozole, griseofulvin, chloroquin and primaquin. Psychoactive Drugs: Introduction, neurotransmitters, CNS depressants, general anaesthetics, mode of action of hypnotics, sedatives, anti-anxiety drugs, benzodiazipines, buspirone, neurochemistry of mental diseases. Antipsychotic drugs - the neuroleptics, antidepressants, butyrophenones, serendipity and drug development, stereochemical aspects of psychotropic drugs. Synthesis of diazepam, oxazepam, chlorazepam, alprazolam, phenytoin, ethosuximde, trimethadione, barbiturates, thiopental sodium, glutethimide Antibiotics: Cell wall biosynthesis, inhibitors, â-Iactam rings, antibiotics inhibiting protein synthesis. Synthesis of penicillin G, penicillin V, ampicillin, amoxycillin, chloramphenicol, cephalosporin, tetracyclin and streptomycin. SUGGESTED BOOKS FOR READING 1. Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry, A Gringuage, Wiley-VCH. 2. Wilson and Gisvold's Text Book of Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ed Robert F.Dorge. 3. An Introduction to Drug Design, S. S. Pandeya and J. R. Dimmock, New Age International. 4: Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Vol-1 (Chapter.-9 and Ch-14), Ed. M. E. Wolff, John Wiley. 5. Goodman and Gilman's Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, McGraw-Hill. 6. The Organic Chemistry of Drug Design and Drug Action, R. B. Silverman, Academic Press. 7 Strategies for Organic Drug Synthesis and Design, D. Lednicer, John Wiley.
Fuel cells : Introduction –development –principle –advantages –limitations .Components of a Fuel cell –Alkaline Fuel cells –molten carbonate Fuel cells – Phosphoric acid Fuel cells –ion exchange membrane Fuel cells –Biochemical Fuel cells- Advances in Fuel and bio fuel cells Photovoltaic cells: Production of solar grade silicon, physical and chemical properties of silicon relevant to photovoltaic’s, doping of silicon, construction and working of a PV- cell and uses .Advances in photovoltaic cells Nuclear Energy: Fission and fusion –Power reactors –Atomic pile-Breeder reactors applications-Disposal of Radio active wastes. Solar energy: Introduction – production of electricity using solar energy –photovoltaic cells (Solar cells ) power from Indirect solar energy –Hydropower Biomass energy –wind power Applications . Other sources of energy Geothermal energy, Tidal power - Introduction production Applications SUGGESTED BOOKS FOR READING: 1.A text book of Engineering Chemistry by S.S.Dara –S.Chand&Co.New Delhi 2. Engineering Chemistry by B.Sivasankar- The Mc Graw Hill 3.A text book of Engineering Chemistry by B.K.Sharma –Krishnaprakasan ,Meerut 4. Nuclear Chemistry – Principles and Applications by G R Choppin and J Rydberg ACST3.53 : Surface Chemistry and Catalysis Surface phenomena: Structure of clean surfaces; Notation of surface structure; Structure of adsorbate layers; Stepped surfaces; Surface relaxation and reconstruction; Dynamics and energetics of surfaces. Adsorption: (a)Surface tension, capillary action, pressure difference across curved surface (Laplace equation), vapour pressure of droplets (Kelvin equation), (b) Adsorption at interfaces- at solid/liquid, liquid/gas and liquid/liquid interfaces; Gibbs adsorption isotherm, effect of electrolyte on the surface energy of ionic surfactants, estimation of surface area (BET equation), surface films on liquids (Electro-kinetic phenomenon), catalytic activity at surfaces. Surface Active Agents: General structural features and behavior of surfactants; classification of surface active agents, micellization, hydrophobic interaction, critical micellar concentration (CMC), factors affecting the CMC of surfactants, counter ion binding to micelles, thermodynamics of micellization - phase separation and mass action models, solubilization, micro emulsion, reverse micelles. Heterogeneous Catalysis: Adsorption isotherms, surface area, pore size and acid strength measurements; acidic/ basic sites; Porous solids; Catalysis by metals/metal-oxides, semiconductors and solid acids; Supported metal catalysts; Catalyst preparation, deactivation and regeneration. Model catalysts: Ammonia synthesis; Hydrogenation of carbon monoxide; Hydrocarbon conversion. Instrumental methods of catalyst characterization: Diffraction and thermal methods; spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Reference Books:
ACHP3.4: QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS PRACTICAL -I VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS 1.Preparation of vanadium(V) from ammonium metavanadate and standardisation of vanadium(V) with iron(II) 2. preparation of cerium (IV) sulphate from cerium(IV) oxide and standardization of cerium (IV) sulphate with iron(II) 3.Estimation of iron(III) by photo chemical reduction method. 4.Analysis of iron(III)-iron(II) present in a synthetic mixture (stannous chloride method). 5.Estimation of copper(II) present in a brass sample (iodometric method) 6.Determination of chromium(IV)present in a sample of potassium dichromate. 7.Determination of calcium hardness and magnesium hardness of water sample. 8.Determination of zinc a ferrocyanide. 9.Determination of chloride in a sample of water(silver nitrate method). Text Books 1.A text book of Practical Inorganic Chemistry by AI Vogel, ELBS 2.Laboratory manual of Engineering Chemistry by Dr Sudha rani ACHP3.5: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL ORGANIC MIXTURE ANALYSIS 1.Separation of organic compounds of a mixture (minimum of four mixtures ) 2.Systematic identification of the separated organic compounds by functional group analysis, chemical reaction and derivatisation 3.Separation of organic compounds of a mixture by TLC Text Books 1. A Text book of practical organic chemistry, A.I. Vogel, ELBS. 2. Laboratory Manual of Organic Chemistry by Raj K Bansal Yüklə 243,5 Kb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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