Appendix 2-5: Rejected ecotox bibliography Excluded

Keywords: Sulfur
Keywords: Peroxidase
Keywords: Enzymes
Keywords: Hydrolysis
Keywords: Malathion
Keywords: Oxygen
Keywords: Phosphate
Keywords: Hydrogen peroxide
Keywords: Kinetics
Keywords: Oxidation
Keywords: Pesticides
Keywords: X 24330:Agrochemicals
Keywords: pH effects
Keywords: Toxicology Abstracts
Keywords: Diazinon English. Date revised - 2012-03-01. Last updated - 2013-04-19. DOI - 8859d02b-8e8b-4180-98c5csaobj201; 14892540; 0048-3575. SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sulfur; Peroxidase; Enzymes; Hydrolysis; Malathion; Oxygen; Phosphate; Hydrogen peroxide; Kinetics; Oxidation; Pesticides; Diazinon; pH effects

396. Lazarević Pašti, Tamara; Momić, Tatjana; Onjia, Antonije; Vujisić, Ljubodrag, and Vasić, Vesna. Myeloperoxidase-mediated oxidation of organophosphorus pesticides as a pre-step in their determination by AChE based bioanalytical methods. 2010; 170, 289-297.

Rec #: 10940
Keywords: CHEM METHODS
Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN
Abstract: Abstract: In order to improve the sensitivity of assays for inhibitors of the enzyme acetylcholine esterase (AChE), an effective method was developed for the conversion of the organophosphate pesticides (OPs) diazinon, malathion, chlorpyrifos, azinphos-methyl and phorate into more toxic inhibitors. This was accomplished by converting them from the thio form into their oxo form using the enzyme myeloperoxidase. The oxo forms, which are the only products of conversion, were determined by AChE bioassays, using either the free enzyme, or a flow injection analysis manifold with immobilized AChE and spectrophotometric detection. All modified OPs exhibited inhibitory power at ppb levels and within 10 min. The method is considered to represent an excellent means for improving the sensitivity of assays for determination of OPs.
Keywords: Myeloperoxidase
Number of Volumes: 3-4
Vienna : Springer Vienna http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00604-010-0324-2

397. Le, Yang and Le, Yang. Determination of Six Kinds of Organophosphorus Pesticides and Atrazine in Drinking Water by Gas Chromatography. 2013 Feb; 32, (1): 52-54, 78.

Rec #: 5470
Keywords: CHEM METHODS
Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN
Abstract: Abstract: Determination of six kinds of organic phosphorus pesticides and atrazine in drinking water by automatic solid phase extraction and capillary column gas chromatography with NPD was introduced. Dichlorvos, atrazine, dimethoate(rogor), methyl parathion, chlorpyrifos, parathion and malathion in the drinking water were adsorbed by solid phase extraction column first, eluent with MTBE/Methanol aqueous (V/V=90/10) was washed out and set the volume, separated the analyte by the capillary column Varian CP Sil 8 Low bleed, and detected by NPD. Based on the method, the linear coefficients (R) of all the calibration curves were more than 99%; The standard additions were between 85%~105%, relative standard deviation were between 4.0%~10.0%; and the minimun detect levels were between 0.05~0.23 mu g/L,which could reach the requirements of GB 5749-2006.
Keywords: Chlorpyrifos
Keywords: ENA 09:Land Use & Planning
Keywords: Gas chromatography
Keywords: P 2000:FRESHWATER POLLUTION
Keywords: MTBE
Keywords: Pesticides
Keywords: Atrazine
Keywords: Herbicides
Keywords: Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Environment Abstracts
Keywords: Drinking water
Keywords: Malathion
Keywords: Parathion Chinese. Date revised - 2013-05-01. Last updated - 2013-05-31. DOI - cd1e63a7-d97a-45ec-bacfcsamfg102v; 17961948; 1009-0177. SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chlorpyrifos; Gas chromatography; MTBE; Pesticides; Atrazine; Herbicides; Drinking water; Malathion; Parathion

398. LeBlanc, Lawrence A. and Kuivila, Kathryn M. Occurrence, distribution and transport of pesticides into the Salton Sea Basin, California, 2001-2002. 2008; 604, 151-172.

Rec #: 10950
Keywords: FATE
Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN
Abstract: Abstract: The Salton Sea is a hypersaline lake located in southeastern California. Concerns over the ecological impacts of sediment quality and potential human exposure to dust emissions from exposed lakebed sediments resulting from anticipated shrinking of shoreline led to a study of pesticide distribution and transport within the Salton Sea Basin, California, in 2001-2002. Three sampling stations--upriver, river mouth, and offshore--were established along each of the three major rivers that discharge into the Salton Sea. Large-volume water samples were collected for analysis of pesticides in water and suspended sediments at the nine sampling stations. Samples of the bottom sediment were also collected at each site for pesticide analysis. Sampling occurred in October 2001, March-April 2002, and October 2002, coinciding with the regional fall and spring peaks in pesticide use in the heavily agricultural watershed. Fourteen current-use pesticides were detected in water and the majority of dissolved concentrations ranged from the limits of detection to 151 ng/l. Diazinon, EPTC and malathion were detected at much higher concentrations (940-3,830 ng/l) at the New and Alamo River upriver and near-shore stations. Concentrations of carbaryl, dacthal, diazinon, and EPTC were higher in the two fall sampling periods, whereas concentrations of atrazine, carbofuran, and trifluralin were higher during the spring, which matched seasonal use patterns of these pesticides. Current-use pesticides were also detected on suspended and bed sediments in concentrations ranging from detection limits to 106 ng/g. Chlorpyrifos, dacthal, EPTC, trifluralin, and DDE were the most frequently detected pesticides on sediments from all three rivers. The number of detections and concentrations of suspended sediment-associated pesticides were often similar for the river upriver and near-shore sites, consistent with downstream transport of pesticides via suspended sediment. While detectable suspended sediment pesticide concentrations were more sporadic than detected aqueous concentrations, seasonal trends were similar to those for dissolved concentrations. Generally, the pesticides detected on suspended sediments were the same as those on the bed sediments, and concentrations were similar, especially at the Alamo River upriver site. With a few exceptions, pesticides were not detected in suspended or bed sediments from the off-shore sites. The partitioning of pesticides between water and sediment was not predictable from solely the physical-chemical properties of individual pesticide compounds, but appear to be a complicated function of the quantity of pesticide applied in the watershed, residence time of sediments in the water, and compound solubility and hydrophobicity. Sediment concentrations of most pesticides were found to be 100-1,000 times lower than the low-effects levels determined in human health risk assessment studies. However, maximum concentrations of chlorpyrifos on suspended sediments were approximately half the low-effects level, suggesting the need for further sediment characterization of lake sediments proximate to riverine inputs.
Keywords: Internet resource
Number of Volumes: 1
Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-008-9316-1

399. Lee, Soyoung; Park, Keunwan; Ahn, Hee-Sung; Kim, Dongsup, and Lee, Soyoung. Importance of Structural Information in Predicting Human Acute Toxicity From in Vitro Cytotoxicity Data. 2010 Jul; 246, (1-2): 38-48.

Rec #: 6950
Keywords: HUMAN HEALTH
Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN
Abstract: Abstract: In this study, we tried to assess the utility of the structural information of drugs for predicting human acute toxicity from in vitro basal cytotoxicity, and to interpret the informative quality and the pharmacokinetic meaning of each structural descriptor. For this, human acute toxicity data of 67 drugs were taken from literature with their basal cytotoxicity data, and used to develop predictive models. A series of multiple linear regression analyses were performed to construct feasible regression models by combining molecular descriptors and cytotoxicity data. We found that although the molecular descriptors alone had only moderate correlation with human acute toxicity, they were highly useful for explaining the discrepancy between in vitro cytotoxicity and human acute toxicity. Among many possible models, we selected the most explanatory models by changing the number and the type of combined molecular descriptors. The results showed that our selected models had high predictive power (R 2: between 0.7 and 0.87). Our analysis indicated that those successful models increased the prediction accuracies by providing the information on human pharmacokinetic parameters which are the major reason for the difference between human acute toxicity and cytotoxicity. In addition, we performed a clustering analysis on selected molecular descriptors to assess their informative qualities. The results indicated that the number of single bonds, the number of hydrogen bond donors and valence connectivity indices are closely related to linking cytotoxicity to acute toxicity, which provides insightful explanation about human toxicity beyond cytotoxicity.
Keywords: acute toxicity
Keywords: Molecular modelling
Keywords: Environment Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts
Keywords: Pharmacy And Pharmacology
Keywords: Data processing
Keywords: Toxicity
Keywords: Hydrogen
Keywords: Acute toxicity
Keywords: Pharmacokinetics
Keywords: ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety
Keywords: Models
Keywords: Cytotoxicity
Keywords: X 24310:Pharmaceuticals
Keywords: prediction models
Keywords: Hydrogen bonding
Keywords: Regression analysis
Keywords: Drugs English. Date revised - 2011-10-01. Last updated - 2011-12-07. DOI - OB-fc44f041-1e0e-45f5-a18ecsaobj202; 13146770; 0041-008X. SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Molecular modelling; Cytotoxicity; Data processing; Hydrogen bonding; Regression analysis; Acute toxicity; Drugs; Pharmacokinetics; Models; acute toxicity; prediction models; Hydrogen; Toxicity

400. Lesmes-Fabian, C.; Garcia-Santos, G.; Leuenberger, F.; Nuyttens, D., and Binder, C. R. Dermal exposure assessment of pesticide use: The case of sprayers in potato farms in the Colombian highlands. 2012; 430, 202-208.

Rec #: 14430
Keywords: HUMAN HEALTH
Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN
Abstract: Abstract: Quantifying dermal exposure to pesticides in farming systems in developing countries is of special interest for the estimation of potential health risks, especially when there is a lack of occupational hygiene regulations. In this paper we present the results of a dermal exposure assessment for the potato farming system in the highlands of Colombia, where farmers apply pesticides with hand pressure sprayers without any personal protective equipment. The fractioning of the pesticide, in terms of potential and actual dermal exposure, was determined via the whole-body dosimetry methodology. using the tracer uranine as pesticide surrogate, and luminescence spectrometry as analytical method. We assessed the three activities involved in pesticide management: preparation, application, and cleaning; analyzed three types of nozzles: one with a standard discharge and two modified by farmers to increase the discharge; and derived the protection factor given by work clothing. Our results suggest that to reduce the health risk, three aspects have to be considered: (i) avoiding the modification of nozzles, which affects the droplet size spectrum and increases the level of dermal exposure; (ii) using adequate work clothing made of thick fabrics, especially on the upper body parts; and (iii) cleaning properly the tank sprayer before the application activity. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V.
ISI Document Delivery No.: 976KO ://CCC:000306583700025

401. Li, J. L.; Zhou, H. Y.; Cao, J.; Zhu, G. D.; Wang, W. M.; Gu, Y.; Liu, Y.; Cao, Y.; Zhang, C., and Gao, Q. [Sensitivity of Anopheles Sinensis to Insecticides in Jiangsu Province].

Rec #: 8830
Keywords: NON-ENGLISH
Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN
Abstract: ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To understand the sensitivity of Anopheles sinensis to deltamethrin, DDT and malathion in Jiangsu province.
ABSTRACT: METHODS: The adult mosquitoes were captured from the fields of Sihong, Yangzhong and Yixing counties (cities) and cultured, and by using the method recommended by WHO, their first filial generations knocked down at 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min after exposure with insecticides aforementioned were counted, and the mortality of mosquitoes tested after 24 h was recorded.
ABSTRACT: RESULTS: The knock down rates of mosquitoes, which were the first generation (F0) of Anopheles sinensis captured from the field of Sihong, Yangzhong, Yixing counties (cities) to 0.05% deltamethrin were 28.57%, 57.14%, 52.38%, respectively 60 min after the exposure; and the mortality rates 24 h-post-exposure were 35.71%, 57.14%, 61.90%, respectively. The resistance degree to deltamethrin was assessed as "R" level. The knock down rates of mosquitoes 60 min after the exposure to 4% DDT were 9.52%, 2.38%, 4.76%, respectively, and the mortality rates 24 h-post-exposure were 47.62%, 50.00%, 40.48%, respectively. The resistance degree to DDT was assessed as "R" level. The knock down rates of mosquitoes 60 min after the exposure to 5% malathion were 11.90%, 28.57%, 28.13%, respectively, and the mortality rates 24 h after the exposure were 80.95%, 85.71%, 93.75%, respectively. The resistance degree to malathion was assessed as level "M". The knock down rates of Anopheles sinensis captured in day 1, day 7, day 15 and the F1 from Yixing 60 min after the exposure to 0.05% deltamethrin were 54.76%, 76.19%, 92.86%, and 52.38%, respectively, and the mortality rates post-24 h were 54.76%, 76.19%, 95.23% and 61.90%, respectively. The difference of mortality post-24 h between the mosquitoes of 1 day post-captured and F1 was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The knock down rates 60 min after the exposure to 0.05% deltamethrin to the female and male F1 of Anopheles sinensis from Sihong were 28.57% and 40.48%, and the mortality rates post-24 h were 35.71%, 42.86% respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).
ABSTRACT: CONCLUSIONS: Anopheles sinensis in the field of Jiangsu Province has developed severe resistance to deltamethrin and DDT, initial resistance to malathion. In order to prevent the development of resistance to the insecticides, the integrated management measures should be adopted in the future.
MESH HEADINGS: Animals
MESH HEADINGS: Anopheles/*drug effects/physiology
MESH HEADINGS: DDT/toxicity
MESH HEADINGS: Drug Resistance
MESH HEADINGS: Female
MESH HEADINGS: Insect Vectors
MESH HEADINGS: Insecticides/*toxicity
MESH HEADINGS: Malathion/toxicity
MESH HEADINGS: Male
MESH HEADINGS: Mosquito Control/*instrumentation
MESH HEADINGS: Nitriles/toxicity
MESH HEADINGS: Pyrethrins/toxicity chi

402. Li, Ling; Zhou, Shanshan; Jin, Lixia; Zhang, Cheng, and Liu, Weiping. Enantiomeric separation of organophosphorus pesticides by high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and capillary electrophoresis and their applications to environmental fate and toxicity assays: BIOANALYSIS OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS TOXICANTS AND CORRESPONDING ANTIDOTES. 2010 May 15-; 878, (17Çô18): 1264-1276.

Rec #: 1670
Keywords: CHEM METHODS
Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN
Abstract: In recent years, the continuous evolution of the field of stereochemistry has produced a heightened awareness of the applications of pure enantiomers of agrochemicals. This review describes reports of the enantiomeric separation of commercial organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) and the applications of these methods to research on the enantioselectivity of the toxicity and environmental fate of these compounds. Chiral OPs can be analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), and capillary electrophoresis (CE). These different separation techniques for OP enantiomers are briefly discussed, and their applications are presented. Enantiomeric separation/ Organophosphorus pesticides/ High-performance liquid chromatography/ Gas chromatography/ Capillary electrophoresis/ Toxicity/ Environmental fate http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570023209007466

403. Li, S.; Ran, X. Q.; Xu, L., and Wang, J. F. microRNA and mRNA Expression Profiling Analysis of Dichlorvos Cytotoxicity in Porcine Kidney Epithelial PK15 Cells. 2011; 30, 1073-1083.

Rec #: 14450
Keywords: IN VITRO
Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN
Abstract: Abstract: Dichlorvos (DIC) is an organophosphate compound with cholinergic and noncholinergic neurotoxicity as well as non-neuronal cytotoxicity. Little is known about the mechanisms of DIC cytotoxicity in non-neuronal cells. In this study, we established a porcine kidney epithelial cell line (PK15) as a model to explore the mechanisms underlying DIC cytotoxicity based on miRNA and mRNA expression profiling analysis. We found that DIC inhibited the proliferation of PK15 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner, which may result from apoptosis induced by DIC. Microarray analyses revealed that 16 and 14 miRNAs were significantly upregulated and downregulated in PK15 cells treated by 0.875mM DIC for 8 h. Among the 30 differentially expressed miRNAs, 7 new miRNAs in pigs were predicted by homology-based searches. In addition, DIC upregulated 339 and downregulated 282 mRNA transcripts. A target prediction algorithm was used to analyze the pattern of differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs. Functional analysis indicated that these mRNAs belonged to different functional categories, forming a network participating in the DIC-induced apoptosis in PK15 cells. Therefore, our findings provide new insights into the role of miRNAs in the gene expression and function in DIC-related noncholinergic cytotoxicity.
Number of Volumes: 12
ISI Document Delivery No.: 863GX ://CCC:000298151900017

404. Li, Yanhong ; Chen, Li; Chen, Zhenshan; Coehlo, Joe; Cui, Li; Liu, Yu; Lopez, Terry; Sankaran, Gayatri; Vega, Helen; Krieger, Robert, and Krieger, Robert. Glove Accumulation of Pesticide Residues for Strawberry Harvester Exposure Assessment. 2011 Jun; 86, (6): 615-620.

Rec #: 3380
Keywords: HUMAN HEALTH
Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN
Abstract: Abstract: We investigated the accumulation of pesticide residues on rubber latex gloves that are used by strawberry harvesters to protect their skin, reduce pesticide exposure and promote food safety. Gloves accumulated residues of 16 active ingredients including azoxystrobin, bifenthrin, boscalid, captan, cyprodinil, fenhexamid, fenpropathrin, fludioxonil, hexythiazox, malathion, methomyl, naled, propiconazole, pyraclostrobin, quinoline, and quinoxyfen at different times. Glove residue accumulation (t sub([frac12]) 2.8-3.7 d) was very similar to the dissipation of DFRs (t sub([frac12]) 2.1-3.0 d) during the first 3weeks after malathion applications. Dermal malathion dose was 0.2mg/kg at the preharvest interval and declined to trace levels during the following 3months. Glove accumulation of malathion indicated trace surface residue availability and was used to assess the relationship between dislodgable foliar residues and potential hand exposure.
Keywords: Pesticide residues
Keywords: X 24370:Natural Toxins
Keywords: Food
Keywords: Environment Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts
Keywords: Fragaria
Keywords: P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH
Keywords: Malathion
Keywords: Fludioxonil
Keywords: azoxystrobin
Keywords: Gloves
Keywords: Captan
Keywords: Skin
Keywords: hexythiazox
Keywords: Hand
Keywords: Rubber
Keywords: gloves
Keywords: Latex
Keywords: Food contamination
Keywords: ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety
Keywords: fenhexamid
Keywords: harvesting
Keywords: Pesticides
Keywords: latex
Keywords: Quinolines
Keywords: propiconazole English. Date revised - 2011-07-01. Last updated - 2012-03-29. DOI - a412e36f-3029-46e8-b70bmfgefd107; 14884208; 0007-4861; 1432-0800. SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Skin; Pesticide residues; hexythiazox; Food; Hand; Rubber; Latex; Malathion; Fludioxonil; azoxystrobin; fenhexamid; Pesticides; Gloves; propiconazole; Quinolines; Captan; harvesting; latex; gloves; Food contamination; Fragaria

405. Li, Zhaoyang; Wu, Tong; Li, Qiaoling; Zhang, Bingzhu; Wang, Weixiao; Li, Jingyin, and Li, Zhaoyang. Characterization of Racemization of Chiral Pesticides in Organic Solvents and Water. 2010 Sep 3; 1217, (36): 5718-5723.

Rec #: 4020
Keywords: CHEM METHODS
Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN
Abstract: Abstract: Eight chiral pesticides, which were selected to cover different pesticide species and origins of chirality, were investigated to explore their chiral stability in organic solvents and water. Profenophos, fenamiphos, quizalofop-ethyl, dichlorprop-methyl (DCPP-methyl) and acetochlor were showed stable under all test conditions. However, significant racemization was observed for malathion, phenthoate and fenpropathrin in methanol, ethanol and water, but not in n-hexane, isopropanol, acetone or methylene chloride. The kinetic parameters (rate constant k and half-life T sub(1/2) of the abiotic racemization were calculated through a mathematical model of the first-order reaction. Furthermore, the extent of racemization varied among the solvents and was also affected by temperature dependence. The racemization of malathion, phenthoate and fenpropathrin in water was documented to be pH-dependent and took place more rapidly at pH 7.0 than at pH 5.8. The observed racemization was deduced to occur via a proton exchange process at the chiral center, and the relationship between the abiotic racemization and pesticide structure was further explored. Findings from this study are useful for better understanding enantioselectivity of chiral pesticides in environment and also for proper analysis, formulating or handling of enantiopure products.)
Keywords: Temperature effects
Keywords: Mathematical models
Keywords: Protons
Keywords: Methanol
Keywords: Solvents
Keywords: Racemization
Keywords: Malathion
Keywords: fenamiphos
Keywords: phenthoate
Keywords: Enantiomers
Keywords: Kinetics
Keywords: Acetochlor
Keywords: Pesticides
Keywords: Acetone
Keywords: Chirality
Keywords: X 24330:Agrochemicals
Keywords: pH effects
Keywords: Toxicology Abstracts
Keywords: Methylene chloride
Keywords: n-Hexane
Keywords: Ethanol English. Date revised - 2012-03-01. Last updated - 2012-03-29. DOI - 9ceb4464-0185-4152-8556csaobj201; 15120235; 0021-9673. SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Mathematical models; Protons; Methanol; Racemization; Solvents; Malathion; fenamiphos; phenthoate; Enantiomers; Kinetics; Acetochlor; Pesticides; Acetone; Chirality; pH effects; Methylene chloride; n-Hexane; Ethanol

406. Liggett, M. P. and Parcell, B. I. Irritant Effects on Rabbit Skin of Malathion (Fyfanon) Technical. 1985.

Rec #: 770
Keywords: NO SOURCE
Call Number: NO SOURCE (MLN)
Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN

407. ---. Irritant Effects on the Rabbit Eye of Malathion (Fyfanon) Technical. 1985.

Rec #: 760
Keywords: NO SOURCE
Call Number: NO SOURCE (MLN)
Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN

408. Lilly, J. H.; Mohiyuddin, S.; Prabhuswamy, H. P.; Samuel, J. C., and Shetty, S. V. R. Effects of Insecticide-Treated Rice Plants and Paddy Water on Vertebrate Animals. 1969; 3, (4): 371-379.

Rec #: 1100
Keywords: MIXTURE
Call Number: NO MIXTURE (DZ,FNT,MLN,PRT)