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![](/i/favi32.png) April 22nd-28th 2023 Ukraine’s game planpart by Laurent, sparked a second industriThe Economist part by Laurent, sparked a second industri
al revolution. Chemists would use synthet
ic compounds to create everything from
dyes and drugs to plastics and perfumes.
Even so, the perfumer’s flask did not
quite yield the secret of life. Molecular
structure does not explain how life origi
nates. Louis Pasteur, one of Laurent’s and
Laugier’s peers, had quietly concluded the
mystery of life was not reducible to a
chemical formula. The secret remains
a secret still.
n
Elixir.
By Theresa Levitt.
Harvard University
Press; 320 pages; $32.95. Basic Books; £20
Stop and sell the roses
The history of ideas
Lessons unlearnt
N
ear the
start of her account of hu
manism, Sarah Bakewell draws an im
portant distinction. Antihumanists, she
writes, despise the material world and seek
either to escape it using religion or remake
it by means of totalitarian politics.
Humanists, by contrast, are cautious opti
mists who embrace the possibility that
common endeavour can unite people and
improve their lot.
Ms Bakewell pledges her allegiance to
the humanists, yet she also acknowledges
that antihumanism has its place as an
antidote to naivety and complacency. “It
forces humanism to keep working to justi
fy itself,” she writes. As antihumanist
forces muster today, in authoritarian
states and among right and leftwing pop
ulists in democracies, this book is Ms
Bakewell’s justification.
Aptly, the early chapters are themselves
an exercise in the Renaissance humanist
tradition of digging up forgotten texts.
Petrarch will be familiar; less so Leontius
Pilatus, a shaggybearded Calabrian, or
Poggio Bracciolini, who wrote what Ms
Bakewell describes as the first published
joke book. As she romps through the cen
turies, readers will feel assured that they
are in the company of a gifted guide.
Ms Bakewell also has a serious point to
Humanly Possible.
By Sarah Bakewell.
Penguin Press; 464 pages; $30. Chatto &
Windus; £22
Free your mind, and the rest will follow
012
78
The Economist
April 22nd 2023
Culture
World in a dish
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