Bourgeois Deeds: How Capitalism Made Modernity 1700-1848

Cite: Mod Lib, pp. 170-171;

160 Karl Marx - Friedrich Engels - Werke, Band 23, S. 11-802, Dietz Verlag, Berlin/DDR 1962, p. 168, online at http://www.mlwerke.de/me/me23/me23_161.htm#Kap_4_1.

161 Megill 2002, p. 262.

162 Hourani 1991 2005, pp. 72-73

163 Simmel 1907 (1990), p. 245.

164 Le Roy Ladurie 1978 (1980), p. 332.

165 Le Roy Ladurie 1978 (1980), p. 336.

166 McCormick 2001, p. 13.

167 I thank my colleague in Hispanic Studies at the University of California at Riverside, James Parr, for conversations on this point.

168 21, p. 119, 12, p. 111.

169 Chaucer 1387, beginning lines 43, 478, 529.

170 Todeschini 2008, p. 6. Correct all citations to the MS version here and below to correspond with the published book.

171 Viner 1939, p. 43.

172 Todeschini 2008, p. 2.

173 Todeschini 2008, p. 1.

174 Todeschini 2008, p. 2.

175 Todeschini 2008, p. 6.

176 Thompson DATE, “Introduction” at http://www.psupress.psu.edu/Justataste/samplechapters/justatasteThompson.html

177 Todeschini 2008, p. 8.

178 Todeschini 2008, p. 9.

179 Todeschini 2008, p. 14. Note again that in his complaint that it is “anachronistic” he seems to think the decoding is all right for nowadays.

180 Todeschini 2008, p. 16.

181 Todeschini 2008, p. 11.

182 Kadane 2008, p. 7. Adjust to book pages.

183 Kadane 2008, p. 7.

184 Kadane 2008, p. 10; well, not so gifted a hymn writer

185 Cite Muldrew at al.

186 Kadane 2008, p. 14.

187 Faithful Finances guy

188 MacNeill 1974, p. 147.

189 Parker 1985, p. 244.

190 Cite Landes by pages; Donald Coleman, “Gentlemen and Players.”

191 Clark 2007.

192 Landes remarks along these lines, perhaps in text.

193 Barrington Moore 1998, pp. 148, 151.

194 Moore 1998, p. 156.

195 Jack Goldstone (draft of The Problem of the `Early Modern’ World

196 cite to counterfactual book

197 Cite Clark and Jacks 2007.

198 Cite

199 Cite BV pages

200 cite recent JEH article.

201 Cite Wade

202 McCormick 2001, pp. 14, 671-72

203 5, p. 105.

204 16, p. 114.

205 29, p. 125

206 Huizinga 1935, p. 25.

207 Huizinga 1935, pp. 110-112.

208 Hohenberg and Less 1985, p. ; Devries, 1984, p. .

209 Fuchs, p. 115.

210 Cite Alpers; Sluijter 1991, p. 184.

211 e.g. Cicero, Cicero, Orator 69 and de Oratore 2.115.

212 Brettell 1999, p. 14.

213 Kiers and Tissink, p. 173.

214 Deursen 1999, p. 173.

215 Fuchs, p. 147.

216 Wootton, 1986, p. 286. Wootton notes elsewhere that the Putney debates were not published until the 1890s: no one until then took the prospect of radical democracy very seriously. The specter was easily pushed back into Hell. Wootton 1992, p. 74, quoted in Wootton 1992, p. 75

217 Marchamont Nedham quoted in Wootton 1992, p. 73.

218 Herman, p. 19.

219 Trevor-Roper 1940, pp 2, 4.

220 Haskell 1999, p. 10.

221 All this: McCants 1997, pp. 2, 4, 5.

222 McCants 1997, p. 201f.

223 Israel 1995, p. 352.

224 p. 355? check page.

225 Israel, p. 358.

226 Langford, p. 136.

227 Israel, p. 360. By the way, Israel’s figures as stated are self-contradictory: he says that two times 10,000 people were helped in one way or another, which amounts to 20 percent of the population of about 100,000, not the “well over 10 percent” he settles on, unless “well over” is to mean “two times.”

228 De Vries and der Woude, pp. 659, 661.

229 Parker 1985, p. 25.

230 Source. Check translation against original.

231 Naidler 1999, p. 11.

232 Zeeman 2004.

233 Israel, pp. 640, 638; 535.

234 I am following here Stephen Toulmin’s interpretation in Cosmopolis (1990), pp. 47-55.

235 Zamoyski, The Polish Way 1987, pp. 90-91.

236 Zampoyski 1987, p. 144. The declarations by Erasmus and Grotius are mottoes for his chapter 7, “The Kingdom of Erasmus” (p. 105) and his chapter 5, “God and Caesar” (p. 75).

237 Zampoyski, p. 149.

238 Toulmin 1900, p. 53.

239 Israel 1996, p. 536.

240 Quoted in Zagorin 2003, p. 149.

241 1670 figures from Maddison 2001, p. 77, with a rough guess for countries not covered.

242 Israel 1996, 639.

243 Israel 1996, p. 504.

244 Stark 2003, p. 25.

245 Trevor-Roper 1940, p. 3. I imagine he had this item in mind when in a preface to the substantially unrevised edition of 1962 he mentioned "certain. . . crude social equations whose periodic emergence will doubtless irritate the perceptive reader" of his first book.

246 The Italian historian Antonino de Stefano in the 1960s [check on internet], quoted in Stark 2003, p. 61

247 Niebuhr (1929), The Social Sources of Denominationism, p. 12, quoted in Stark 2003, p. 25.

248 Stark 2003, p. 61. Compare pp. 24, 27, 55, and throughout.

249 cite

250 Zagorin 2003, pp. 10, 12.

251 Zagorin, p. 259.

252 Tell of his early start

253 Huizinga, date, “Dutch Civ.,” p. 53.

254 Israel 1995, p. 673

255 Wilson date, p. 18.

256 Wilson date, p. 17.

257 Cite Edgerton

258 Quoted in Charles Wilson, TITLE, 1965, p. 155-56.

259 Jardine and Stewart, Hostage of Fortune, 1998, p. 433.

260 Bevington 2002, p. 483.

261 McNeir 1938.

262 Magnusson 1999, p. 120.

263 Cf. Magnusson 1999, p. 120.

264 Cite Mun exactly.

265 Deloney 1597, quoted in O’Connell 1976, p. 13.

266 O’Connell 1976, p. 14, italics supplied.

267 O’Connell 1976, pp. 8, 7.

268 quoted in O’Connell, pp. 3-4, my italics.

269 O’Connell 1976, p. 5.

270 O’Connell 1976, p. 18.

271 Alger 1868, p. 141; on p. 138 the over-slick salesman Coleman is called a “capitalist,” in the earlier meaning of a substantial wealth holder.

272 Multatuli 1860 reprint date, p. . By the way, the real name of Multatuli Latin for “many things have I borne” was like the Elizabethan dramatist “Dekker.”

273 Bevington 2002, p. 484.

274 [Usurer's Daughter, p. 89].

275 Jardine 1996, p. 103

276 quoted in Jardin 1996, p. 105

277 Quoted in Magnusson 1999, p. 129. Go back to Sacks!

278 Magnusson 1999, p. 134. Get back to Ferber!

279 p. 3, sig. B2, quoted in Magnusson 1999, p. 127.

280 All this, Jardine, 1996, p. 102.

281 Stone 1947, quoted in Hexter 1961, p. 100n.

282 Elizabeth Nov. 30, 1601, p. 339; the speech exists in multiple versions.

283 Clark 2007, p. 183-184, from which subsequent quotations come.

284 I am referring here to an earlier discussion in my book of Anne McCant’s book on Dutch charities, Civic Charity in a Golden Age: Orphan Care in Early Modern Amsterdam, Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1997, and Trevor Roper’s old book on Archbishop Laud. The Marx and Engels is 1848 (1988, the Norton edition), p. 73.

285 Marx, A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy 1859, p. 43.

286 Engels, in a Marx and Engels collection On Religion (Atlanta, Scholars Press 1964), quoted in Stark 2003, p. 61.

287 Clark 2007, pp. 7-8, 11, 271.

288 Clark 2007, p. 165.

289 David Wootton, “The Levellers.” Pp. 71-89 in John Dunn, ed. Democracy: The Unfinished Journey, 508 BC to AD 1993. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992, p. 183.

290 Forgacs, ed. 2000, pp. 196-198 (Selections from the Prison Notebooks, 407-409; Selections from Cultural Writings, Q10, II para. 41.xii).

291 Lenin, What is To Be Done? 1902 (1988), pp. 143-144, his italics; cf. p. 179 “a social-democrat must concern himself . . . with an organization of revolutionaries capable of guiding the entire proletarian struggle for emancipation.”

292 Clark does have a problem acknowledging other scientists. Pages 232-233 use without citation my design for a decomposition of growth during the Industrial Revolution (McCloskey 1981), and throughout he uses notions of bourgeois virtues (pp. 11, 262) with which I am associated, without citation to my work (McCloskey 1994; 2006). As late as early November 2007 Clark gave a speech at the Salk Institute, with me sitting there, the only other economic historian in attendance, in which he explained his own way of measuring the European fall of interest rates 1300-1600 (pp. 167-175 in his book) without mentioning that I had discovered the fall and measured it in another statistical way ten years before he did (McCloskey and Nash 1984) . Though of course one is best at detecting such slights of ones own work, I detect many of these for other authors, too. It’s a reliable way of making scientific enemies for life. But let’s be easy. Clark most engagingly summarizes an enormous scientific literature, and if he gets any substantial number of non-economic intellectuals innocent of economic history to grasp what we other students of such matters all know happened 1600 to the present we will in our great-heartedness forgive him for the rest. One trouble with this hope, unhappily, is that his distinctive hypothesis is going to appeal mainly to the Steve Sailers of the world, who believe in eugenics with a political passion that involves attacks on gays and liberals, and is going to repel everyone else.

293 Clark 2007, p. 2.

294 Sampson 2005, p.110.

295 Clark 2007, p. 11,.

296 Cite Mokyr; the table is Clark p.233.

297 McGrath 2007, p. 127, italics deleted; p.41 on genome sequencing.

298 McInerney and Pisani 2007, p. 1391; and Sorek et al. 2007 on which their article in based. Compare Wade 2006, p. 215: “organisms may acquire genes through borrowing as well as inheritance; bacteria, for instance.”

299 Galton 1901. “The Possible Improvement of the Human Breed Under Existing Conditions of Law and Sentiment.” Huxley Lecture to the Anthropological Institute, printed as pp. 1-34 in Essays in Eugenics. London: Eugenics Education Society, p. 15.

300 Clark 2007, p. 183.

301 Manski 2008, p. 4.

302 For a fuller discussion of “honest” in the play see McCloskey 2006, pp. 294-295; and Empson 1951 (1989), p. 218.

303 Shaftesbury, Characteristics¸1713, vol. 4, p. 4.

304 The Latin learning displayed here comes from the Oxford Latin Dictionary and the old William Smith and T. D. Hall, A Copious and Critical English-Latin Dictionary 1871.

305 The Italian text is available at www.classicitaliani.it.

306 Oxford English Dictionary [1928], “honest,” sense 3c.

307 Mandeville 1714 edition, line 409-410; “honest” in various forms occurs at lines 118, 225, 233, 257, 295, 334, as the silly virtue of a hive of bees who are neither prosperous in economy nor great in power.

308 I wonder if the following is true: The Slavic languages in modern times, like Spanish, appear not to have separated the two meanings as sharply. In Czech, for example, čestný means both “honorable” and “honest,” as does the Polish Latin-imported honorowy, meaning both noble and truth-telling. On the other hand the non-imported Polish word for "noble" is czcigodny, cognate from the same root cześć with the Czech word, and uczciwy note the u- is now "that will not cheat.”

309 Smith, Theory of Moral Sentiments 1759, III.3.6. The passage is reproduced in subsequent editions.

310 http://www.pemberley.com/janeinfo/novlsrch.html

311 Il Nuovo Zingarelli 1987, art. onesto, p. 1275. The first four meanings given are in English translation 1. unwilling to violate moral law, 2. conforming to the moral law, 3. pure, 4. just—all of which are English “honest”; with two more: [rarely] dignified, and [obsolete] handsome. The entry does not mention nobile, aristicratico, signorile English “noble” in the social class sense or onorevole, venerando, onorato English “honorable” in the aristocratic sense, ‘honored”. In the Concise Cambridge Italian Dictionary 1975 onesto does come late in the list of Italian words for “honorable” p. 449, though in the modern sense, namely, “honest,” not in the original sense of “having aristocratic honor, i.e. high rank justified by military or other noble deeds.”

312 Bybelgenootskap van Suid-Afrika, Die Nuwe Testament en Psalms. Capetown: CTP Boekdrukkers, 1983

313 For all this see the astonishing website The Unbound Bible, http://unbound.biola.edu/index.cfm?method=searchResults.doSearch

314 Rye p. 7, quoted in Paxman, p. 35.

315 Paxman, p. 63.

316 Sprat 1667, p. 88; spelling and punctuation modernized.

317 As J. Paul Hunter 1990 argues.

318 e.g., pp. 5, 61, 105.

319 Langford, pp. 5, 30, 107. Recheck quotations and make sure I’ve not accidentally appropriated his phrases!

320 Willey, pp. 221, 223, 228.

321 Sturkenboom 2004.

322 1731 [1952], p. 294.

323 A Life, II, p. 458

324 Clark 2007, pp. 175-180.

325 A Journey 1775, p. 139.

326 Journey, p. 104.

327 Quoted in Mathias 1978, p. 312.

328 Davidoff and Hall 1987, p. 26.

329 Quoted in Mathias 1978, p. 296.

330 Tufte, 1983, pp. 28, 32f, 44ff.

331 Bryson 2003, p. 57.

332 See for example Frederic Lane 1973, p. 142.

333 Wardley 1993

334 Fussell, ed., 1936, passim.

335 lynnconway.com

336 Keggan, p. 90.

337 art. “Stevinus,” Encyl. Brit., 11^th ed., 1910-11 Find out more about Stevinus

338 Temple, IV, p. 87.

339

340 If you are educated in such methods and therefore find my claims hard to believe you need to face up to them. They have been made by a long series of statistical theorists from the very inventor of the phrase “statistical significance” down to the present. Have a look at Ziliak and McCloskey 2007; or McCloskey and Ziliak 2008.

341 Nye 2006, a page or two after last Get pages to correspond with published book

342 Nye 2006, next page.

343 Nye 2006, p. [get cite from final volume], “the Portugal trade furnishes us with some dying Commodities” Spelling and punctuation modernized.

344 Auden, “New Year Letter January 1, 1940," Part Three, p. 185

345 Niebuhr 1952, Chap. 3, Sec. 1.

346 Penelope Hughes-Hallett, ed., The Illustrated Letters of Jane Austen NY: Clarkson Potter, 1991, p. 118.

347 Butler 1975, p. 298, quoted in Abigail Williams 2006, p. 56.

348 Oxford Illustrated ed., p. 376.

349 Pride and Prejudice, p.

350 #108, 18 Nov 1814 in R.W. Chapman, ed., Jane Austen: Selected Letters Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1955, 1985, p. 174.

351 Copeland 1997, 2005.

352 McDonagh, Jane Austen: Real and Imagined Worlds New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991, p. 44.

353 Chapman, ed., p. 175f.

354 Butler 1985, introduction to reissue of Chapman, ed., Jane Austen: Selected Letters, p. xxvi

355 Berry 1992, p. 84.

356 Ancient Law, London 1861, p. 307: check exact page in my copy; quoted in Searle 1998, p. 99.

357 Miller, 1957, p. 170.

358 Temple, Iv, p. 83.

359 Hirschman 1977, p. 58.

360 Mann, p. 200.

361 pp. 42, 380, 209, 320, 144, 370, 34, 400,

362 pp. 124, 57, 215,

363 p. 243.

364 p. 215.