Table of Contents
CHAPTER
I ........................................................................................................................................................ 1
A
N
I
NTRODUCTION TO
B
ACHA
-B
AZI
....................................................................................................................... 1
1.1.
G
ENERAL
B
ACKGROUND
: ............................................................................................................................... 2
1.2.
P
ROBLEM
S
TATEMENT
................................................................................................................................... 3
1.3.
R
ATIONALE OF THE STUDY
.............................................................................................................................. 4
1.4.
R
ESEARCH
A
IM
............................................................................................................................................. 5
1.5.
R
ESEARCH OBJECTIVES
................................................................................................................................... 5
1.6.
R
ESEARCH
Q
UESTIONS
................................................................................................................................... 6
1.7.
L
ITERATURE
R
EVIEW
...................................................................................................................................... 6
1.8.
T
HEORETICAL
F
RAMEWORK
............................................................................................................................ 7
1.9.
M
ETHODOLOGY
........................................................................................................................................... 7
1.10.C
HAPTER
S
UMMARY
.................................................................................................................................... 9
CHAPTER
II..................................................................................................................................................... 10
THE
ACT
OF
BACHA-BAZI............................................................................................................................... 10
2.1.
H
ISTORY OF
B
ACHA
-B
AZI
.............................................................................................................................. 10
2.2.
S
EXUAL EXPLOITATION OF MALE CHILDREN IN
A
FGHANISTAN
.............................................................................. 12
2.3.
T
HE
F
OUR
F
ACTOR
A
PPROACH
...................................................................................................................... 15
2.3.1.
S
EXUAL CONGRUENCE
............................................................................................................................... 15
2.3.2.
S
EXUAL AROUSAL
..................................................................................................................................... 19
2.3.3.
B
LOCKAGE
.............................................................................................................................................. 20
2.3.4.
D
ISINHIBITION
......................................................................................................................................... 21
2 4.Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 22
CHAPTER III ..................................................................................................................................... 23
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF BACHA-BAZI AND SOCIAL REACTIONS ............................................... 23
3.1.
B
ACHA
-B
AZI IN
A
FGHAN
C
RIMINAL
C
ODE
....................................................................................................... 23
3.2.
C
ONSENT AND
C
OERCION IN
B
ACHA
-B
AZI
....................................................................................................... 25
3.3.
B
ACHA
-B
AZI IN
I
SLAMIC
S
HARIA
L
AW
............................................................................................................. 27
3.4.
S
OCIAL
R
EACTION
A
GAINST
B
ACHA
-B
AZI
........................................................................................................ 28
3.5.
T
HE
L
EGAL AND
P
OLITICAL
F
ACTORS OF
B
ACHA
-B
AZI
........................................................................................ 30
3.6.
C
ONCLUSION
............................................................................................................................................. 31
CHAPTER IV ..................................................................................................................................... 32
ACTION TAKEN TO CHANGE THE SITUATION ......................................................................... 32
4.1.
C
HANGES IN SITUATION BY IMPOSING LEGISLATIVE RULES
................................................................................... 33
4.2.
A
CTIONS TAKEN BY
UNICEF
FOR IMPROVING SITUATIONS
................................................................................. 34
4.3.
A
CTIONS TAKEN BY THE
A
FGHANISTAN GOVERNMENT
....................................................................................... 35
4.4.
C
URRENT SITUATION OF
A
FGHANISTAN UNDER IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SAFETY LEGISLATIONS FROM CHILD ABUSE
... 36
4.5.
C
ONCLUSION
.............................................................................................................................................. 37
5.
RESULTS/
FINDINGS ............................................................................................................................... 38
REFERENCE- .................................................................................................................................... 39
vi.