Cjss second Issue: cjss second Issue qxd

energo usafrTxoeba da suvereniteti
Tamar keTilaZe
saqarTvelos universiteti
X
X
XI saukuneSi energetika globaluri keTildReobisa da us-
afrTxoebis garantad iqca. dRes kacobrioba gacilebiT met ener-
goresursebs iyenebs vidre odesme. erTis mxriv es uzrunvelyofs
msoflio ekonomikur ganviTarebas, meores mxriv ki safrTxes uqm-
nis energomomxmarebeli qveynis erovnul usafrTxoebas. ase, rom
bunebrivi resursebi Tanamedrove samyaroSi saxelmwifoTa
geopolitikuri safrTxis an warmatebis wyaroa. dRes ukve mwar-
moebelTaTvis gazi da navTobi 1970-iani wlebis msgavsad ara
,,mokle-vadiani energoomis ’’ wyaros warmoadgens, aramed kargad
organizebuli, grZelvadiani politikuri miznebis miRwevis
iaraRia. swored amitom mwarmoebelTaTvis energousafrTxoeba
saerTaSoriso arenaze maRali ekonomikur-politikuri Rire-
bulebis mopovebis saSualebad iqca. mas Semdeg rac, energomwar-
moeblebma bunebrivi da iuridiuli uflebebis gaTvaliswinebiT
bunebrivi resursebi erovnuli suverenitetis ganuyofel nawilad
aqcies-momxmareblebi iZulebulni gaxdnen energoresursebi ,,mis-
aReb fasad’’ mieRoT.  didi sxvaobis miuxedavad energomwarmoebel
da energomomxmarebel qveynebs saerTo maxasiaTebelic gaaCniaT-
energousafrTxoeba erovnuli usafrTxoebis ganuyofeli naw-
ilia. Tumca, sxvaobac aris- energomomxmareblebisgan gansxvavebiT
energomwarmoebeli qveynebi sakiTxis met politizirebas axdenen
(mag. ruseTi).  cxadia, evropis marcxi erTiani energopolitikisa
da efeqturi konkurentunariani saerTo energobazris SemuSavebis
saqmeSi xels Seuwyobs mxolod erT energomwarmoebelze energo-
damokidebulebis zrdasa da gazis opekis Camoyalibebas –Zlieri
sabazro diviziiTa da monopoliis surviliT. zemoaRniSnul
safrTxesTan gasamklaveblad aucilebelia anti-monopoliuri
kanonmdeblobis SemuSaveba da energowyaroTa diversifikacia.
anti-monopoliurma kanonmdeblobam unda moaxdinos erTi da igive
kompaniis sadistribucio qselis gancalkeveba momaragebisa da
warmoebisgan, rac TavisTavad xels Seuwyobs jansaR konkurencias.
garda amisa aucilebelia energowyaroTa diversifikacia da iranis
izolaciidan gamoyvana. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, evropis energo-
damokidebuleba ruseTze mzard xasiaTs SeiZens da daZabavs saer-
TaSoriso garemos.
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Introduction
The energy literature and numerous statements indicate that the con-
cept of energy security is elusive and ambiguous. The following is a general
definition of energy security: ‘’reliable and adequate supply of energy at rea-
sonable price’’. However according to current economic and political transfor-
mations the approach does not fully correspond to XXI century. The concept
of energy security becomes self-serving nowadays due to the existence of en-
ergy “have’’ and ‘’have no’’ countries. It has gained double implication as the
meaning of the term is analyzed in two different ways by energy consumer
and energy producer countries. On the one hand consumer considers energy
security to be a ‘’reliable and adequate supply of energy at a reasonable price’’.
The above mentioned implies getting uninterrupted energy resources at low
price. As for a producer, ‘’reasonable price ‘’ is related to a ‘’high, expensive
economic and political value’’. Europe as an energy consumer and Russia as
an energy producer may serve as the best example for discussing two above
said approaches. The concept is often viewed from national dimension as the
modern world converted energy security into an inseparable part of national
security. Producers view energy security as a part of national security with far
more political point than consumers. Although both, consumers and produc-
ers share a common thing - diversification of sources.
Objectives:
To identify different approaches towards energy security by consumer
and producer (Russian and European);
To define the basis of each - Russian and European energy strategy; 
To summarize current situation in the field of energy (in Russia and Eu-
rope);
To formulate the solution for energy insecurity;
Energy Consumer- EU
Europe’s energy policy seems to be poorly built while comparing with
Russia. It is directed to completing the internal energy market rather than
perceiving external energy market threats. 
The lack of overlap between the internal and the external challenges led
to increasing energy dependence on external energy sources (Russia).
Since 1973 the first time the world witnessed oil disruption impact on
the world economy, European countries started thinking about energy inse-
curity as devastating tool over the world’s wellbeing. The first step from Eu-
ropeans in this field became the Energy Charter signed by 51 countries,
mostly by consumers. It represents a political commitment to cooperation in
the energy sector, based on the following objectives and principles: (Energy
Charter):
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Availability of open and efficient energy markets in order to secure and
diversify energy supply;
Encouraging the investment flow; 
Non-discrimination among participants;
Trade in energy, energy products and energy related equipment, based
on the WTO rules;
Freedom of energy transit;
International dispute settlement;
Improved legal transparency;
Yet, what really matters in the document is the absence of the world’s
biggest producers such as Russia and states of Central Asia. 
In 2000 and later 2006 European Commission adopted Green Paper de-
signed to create a new energy policy environment. Documents recognize
(Green Paper 2006) a new energy era’’, identify the ‘’urgent need’’ for invest-
ment in the face of rising import dependency, calls for ‘’common European
response’’ but the documents have recommendatory character without oblig-
atory format and with unclear common energy policy perspective. Both doc-
uments diagnosed the problem of security of supply, but neither delivered a
step change in policy (Helm, 2007)
The January package 2007- Communication from the Commission to the
Council of Ministers was the next step in the evolving approach to energy pol-
icy. The weakest part of the document became its external perspective. It re-
flects a failure to rethink what an external energy policy might look like,
especially in the Russian case. The document advocates ‘’speaking with one
voice’’. But for International agreements the document states that ‘’the EC and
its member states should be a key driver’’ not the Commission alone. Again
member states and not the Commission keep their competence in energy sec-
tor. (Helm, 2007)
When the package deals with a new Partnership and Cooperation Agree-
ment with Russia it states: ‘’Enhancing relations with Russia through the ne-
gotiation of a new robust, comprehensive framework agreement… this
should emphasize the mutual long-term benefits to both Russia and the EU
and be based on market principles and those of the Energy Charter Treaty
and Transit Protocol’’. It’s interesting how the new robust, comprehensive
framework agreement can be carried on the bases of Energy Charter and
Transit Protocol when Russia refuses to implement either of them till today. 
European Council Action Plan (2007-2009) 
The document contains 5 priorities: 1) Internal market for Gas and Elec-
tricity; 2) Security of supply; 3) International Energy Policy; 4) Energy effi-
ciency and renewable energies; 5) Energy Technologies;
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