Net effects of climate change on food security depend on vulnerabilities of
affected systems
The net impacts of climate change on food security and nutrition depend on the magnitude of
the climate change effects themselves, and on the underlying vulnerabilities of food systems.
At each stage of the “cascade of impacts”, vulnerabilities exacerbate net impacts. In addition,
vulnerability can increase over time if systems/households face repeated shocks that steadily
erode their asset base and capacity to respond.
The populations at greatest risk
are those that are dependent on agriculture and natural
resources, with livelihoods that are highly exposed to climate change impacts, and who
have very limited capacity to respond. In regions with high levels of food insecurity and
inequality, increased frequency of droughts will particularly affect poorer households and
may disproportionately affect women, given their vulnerability and restricted access to
resources. Gender and social differences discriminate people’s access to adaptation options,
or even information, such as weather and climate data. Indigenous peoples, who depend on
the environment and its biodiversity for their food security and nutrition, are at high risk–
especially those living in areas where significant impacts are expected such as the Arctic,
mountain areas, the Pacific islands, coastal and other low-lying areas. Fishers, fish farmers,
post-harvest workers and their dependent communities and infrastructure are particularly
exposed. In some cases, to cope with risks and changes, the only option can be to migrate,
nationally or internationally, with a range of implications.
II. RESPONSES: ENSURING FOOD SECURITY AND GOOD NUTRITION IN THE
CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
The second part of the report focuses on a range of the most important adaptation actions in
the face of climate change, from a food security and nutrition perspective. The section shows
how ensuring food security and good nutrition in a changing climate relies on the mobilization
of a wide range of instruments targeting different levels, from social protection to international
instruments, in order to improve resilience from households to agricultural and food systems.
The analysis focuses, in each category of instruments, on some emblematic tools.
Summary
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