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1 The data is based on population counts made in 11 regions in 1967/68. In the Irkutsk region the population density
of the musk deer was 0.11 animals per. km
2
, in Chitais 0.24 animals per km
2
, in Buryatia 0.3-0.7 animals per km
2
and
in the Amur region 0.26 animals per km
2
. The highest population density of up to 2 animals per km
2
was recorded in
the Sayan and Altai Mountains.
2 The following protected areas are located within the distribution range of musk deer in Russia: one national park, 21
zapovedniks and five other protected areas (Wemmer 1998). In the territory of the Russian Federation, musk deer occur
in protected areas in the Komsomolskiy, Sikhote-Alinskiy, Ussuryskiy and Zeyskiy zapovedniks and in the Altaiskiy,
Baikal‘skiy, Barguzinskiy and Bol‘shekhekhtsizskiy zapovedniks .
3 The animals are fed oat flakes, crispbread and plant-feeder pellets, in addition to shredded vegetables (kohlrabi,
beetroot, carrots), fruit and green leaves (F. Meyer, pers. comm., April 1998). The available cover in the enclosure is
more important for the animals than the size of the enclosure. Anaesthetising sick musk deer with the aid of a blowpipe
(with an anaesthetic mixture comprising xylazine and ketamine) is likewise seen to be a straightforward matter (Müller
and Eulenberger, 1995). Individual animals can be anaesthetised several times in succession without incurring injury.
56
Year
Musk deer non-range countries
Musk deer range countries
HK-E HK-I
KH-E KH-I
UZ-E UZ-I
MN-E MN-I SU-E
SU-I
RU-E RU-I
KG-E KG-I
1978
37
1979
11
29
1980
1
5
1981
7
2
1982
1983
6
52
1984
12.5
10
1985
134
46
10
1986
12.5
30
50
1987
87.5
7
81
40
1988
131
14
80
77
1989
25.5
3.5
10
20
1990
27.4
14
10
1991
13
5
36
15
1992
105
2.1
7
21
1993
13
8
6.2
23.2
1994
6
6
114
51
100
50.7
41
1995
11
298
75
250
94.7
10
125
1996
38.7
Trade volumes in kilogrammes (kg). E: reported by exporting country/territory, I: reported by importing countries/terri-
tories. HK: Hong Kong; KH: Cambodia; MN: Mongolia; SU: Soviet Union; RU: Russia; KG: Kyrgyzstan; UZ: Uzbek-
istan
.
APPENDIX 1
Seven countries involved in the export of musk with a total volume of international trade of more
than 100 kg (1978-96)
57
1978
37.1
1979
29
1
1980
5
1
1981
3
6
1982
1983
52
6
1984
10
0.5
9
3
1985
10
10
2
46
10.1
122
1986
50
30
1
11
11
0.5
1987
40
81
5
8
15
62.5
2
2
1988
87
40
41
2
110
15
14
1989
10
10
10
2.17
17
8.5
8.5
1990
18
8
1
1
13
14
14
1991
21
5
12
15
15
1992
19
32
5
9.1
102
1993
23.2
5.2
29
5
8
3
1994
17
21.8
17
17
290
18
10.3
5
1995
11.8
10
12
759.5
6.3
6
3.4
4
1996
22
16
APPENDIX 2
Six countries involved in the import of musk with a total volume of international trade of more
than 100 kg (1978-96)
Trade volume in kilogrammes (kg) I: reported by importing country/territory. E: reported by exporting countries/terri-
tories; HK: Hong Kong; SG: Singapore; KR: South Korea; JP: Japan; FR: France; CA: Canada.
Year
HK-I
HK-E
SG-I
SG-E
KR-I
KR-E
JP-I
JP-E
FR-I
FR-E
CA-I
CA-E
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of the world. TRAFFIC is a programme of WWF–World
Wide Fund For Nature and IUCN–The World Conservation
Union established to monitor trade in wild plants
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