Definition of Object-Oriented frbr

2.6. FRBR_OO Class Declaration

The classes of FRBR_OO are comprehensively declared in this section using the following format:

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  Class names are presented as headings in bold face, preceded by the class’s unique identifier;
  
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  The line “Equal to:” declares the CIDOC CRM class that covers the same concept as the FRBR_OO class;
  
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  The line “Subclass of:” declares the superclass of the class from which it inherits properties;
  
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  The line “Superclass of:” is a cross-reference to the subclasses of this class;
  
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  The line “Scope note:” contains the textual definition of the concept the class represents;
  
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  The line “Examples:” contains a bulleted list of examples of instances of this class. If the example is also instance of a subclass of this class, the unique identifier of the subclass is added in parenthesis. If the example instantiates two classes, the unique identifiers of both classes is added in parenthesis. Non-fictitious examples may be followed by an explanation in brackets.
  
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  The line “Properties:” declares the list of the class’s properties;
  
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  Each property is represented by its unique identifier, its forward and reverse names, and the range class that it links to, separated by colons;
  
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  Inherited properties are not represented;
  
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  Properties of properties are provided indented and in parentheses beneath their respective domain property.
  

F1 Work

Subclass of: E89 Propositional Object

Superclass of: F14 Individual Work

F15 Complex Work

F16 Container Work

F21 Recording Work

Scope note: This class comprises the sums of concepts which appear in the course of the coherent evolution of an original idea into one or more expressions that are dominated by the original idea. The substance of Work is concepts. A Work may be elaborated by one or more Actors simultaneously or over time. A Work may have members that are alternatives to other members of the work.

A Work can be either individual or complex. If it is individual its concept is completely realised in a single F22 Self-Contained Expression. If it is complex its concept is embedded in an F15 Complex Work. An F15 Complex Work consists of alternative members that are either F15 Complex Works themselves or F14 Individual Works.

A Work is the product of an intellectual process of one or more persons, yet only indirect evidence about it is at our hands. This can be contextual information such as the existence of an order for a work, reflections of the creators themselves that are documented somewhere, and finally the expressions of the work created. As ideas normally take shape during discussion, elaboration and implementation, it is not reasonable to assume that a work starts with a complete concept. Moreover, it can be very difficult or impossible to define the whole of the concept of a work at some given time. The only objective evidence for such a notion can be based on a stage of expressions at a given time. In this sense, self-contained expressions serve as a kind of “snap-shots” of a work.

A Work may include the concept of aggregating expressions of other works into a new expression. For instance, an anthology of poems is regarded as a work in its own right that makes use of expressions of the individual poems that have been selected and ordered as part of an intellectual process. This does not make the contents of the aggregated expressions part of this work, but only parts of the resulting expression.

Examples: Abstract content of Giovanni Battista Piranesi’s ‘Carcere XVI: the pier with chains: 1^st state’ (F14)

‘La Porte de l’Enfer’ by Auguste Rodin conceived between 1880 and 1917 (F15)

‘Hamlet’ by William Shakespeare (F15)

Properties: R1 is logical successor of (has successor): F1 Work

R2 is derivative of (has derivative): F1 Work

(R2.1 has type: E55 Type)

R3 is realised in (realises): F22 Self-Contained Expression

R40 has representative expression (is representative expression for): F22 Self-Contained Expression

F2 Expression

Subclass of: E73 Information Object

Superclass of: F22 Self-Contained Expression

F23 Expression Fragment

F34 KOS

F35 Nomen Use Statement

F43 Identifier Rule

Scope note: This class comprises the intellectual or artistic realisations of works in the form of identifiable immaterial objects, such as texts, poems, jokes, musical or choreographic notations, movement pattern, sound pattern, images, multimedia objects, or any combination of such forms that have objectively recognisable structures. The substance of F2 Expression is signs.

Expressions cannot exist without a physical carrier, but do not depend on a specific physical carrier and can exist on one or more carriers simultaneously. Carriers may include human memory.

Inasmuch as the form of F2 Expression is an inherent characteristic of the F2 Expression, any change in form (e.g., from alpha-numeric notation to spoken word, a poem created in capitals and rendered in lower case) is a new F2 Expression. Similarly, changes in the intellectual conventions or instruments that are employed to express a work (e.g., translation from one language to another) result in the creation of a new F2 Expression. Thus, if a text is revised or modified, the resulting F2 Expression is considered to be a new F2 Expression. Minor changes, such as corrections of spelling and punctuation, etc., are normally considered variations within the same F2 Expression. On a practical level, the degree to which distinctions are made between variant expressions of a work will depend to some extent on the nature of the F1 Work itself, and on the anticipated needs of users.

The genre of the work may provide an indication of which features are essential to the expression. In some cases, aspects of physical form, such as typeface and page layout, are not integral to the intellectual or artistic realisation of the work as such, and therefore are not distinctive criteria for the respective expressions. For another work, features such as layout may be essential. For instance, the author or a graphic designer may wrap a poem around an image.

An expression of a work may include expressions of other works within it. For instance, an anthology of poems is regarded as a work in its own right that makes use of expressions of the individual poems that have been selected and ordered as part of an intellectual process. This does not make the contents of the aggregated expressions part of this work, but only parts of the resulting expression.

If an instance of F2 Expression is of a specific form, such as text, image, etc., it may be simultaneously instantiated in the specific classes representing these forms in CIDOC CRM. Thereby one can make use of the more specific properties of these classes, such as language (which is applicable to instances of E33 Linguistic Object only).

Examples: The Italian text of Dante’s ‘Divina Commedia’ as found in the authoritative critical edition ‘La Commedia secondo l’antica vulgata a cura di Giorgio Petrocchi’, Milano: Mondadori, 1966-67 (= Le Opere di Dante Alighieri, Edizione Nazionale a cura della Società Dantesca Italiana, VII, 1-4) (F22 and E33)

The Italian text of Dante’s ‘Inferno’ as found in the same edition (F22 and E33)

‘Nel mezzo del cammin di nostra vita
mi ritrovai per una selva oscura
ché la diritta via era smarrita’ [the Italian text of the first stanza of Dante’s ‘Inferno’ and ‘Divina Commedia’] (F23 and E33)

The signs which make up Christian Morgenstern’s ‘Fisches Nachtgesang’ [a poem consisting simply of ‘—’ and ‘˘’ signs, arranged in a determined combination] (F22)

Properties: R4 carriers provided by (comprises carriers of): F3 Manifestation Product Type

R5 has component (is component of): F22 Self-Contained Expression

R15 has fragment (is fragment of): F23 Expression Fragment

R41 has representative manifestation product type (is representative manifestation product type for): F3 Manifestation Product Type