Operacija se izvaja v okviru Operativnega programa razvoja človeških virov za obdobje 2007-2013, razvojne prioritete 3 : »Razvoj človeških virov in
vseživljenjskega učenja«; prednostne usmeritve 3.3 »Kakovost, konkurenčnost in odzivnost visokega šolstva«.
37
Figure 1: Linear (above) and circular (below)
urban metabolism systems
Source: Adapted from Rogers 1997 and Novotny 2010
Operacija se izvaja v okviru Operativnega programa razvoja človeških virov za obdobje 2007-2013, razvojne prioritete 3 : »Razvoj človeških virov in
vseživljenjskega učenja«; prednostne usmeritve 3.3 »Kakovost, konkurenčnost in odzivnost visokega šolstva«.
38
Urban Agriculture has the potential to simultaneously address multiple needs at a variety of scales
(Figure 2, Table 1). Food production can be practiced at small, private scale, or at a commercial
scale, linked to jobs and business opportunities for SMEs within the city or its immediate vicinity.
Figure 2: Integration of food production into the city
Table 1: A rough categorisation of the possibilities of integrating food production in cities
Where
How
Examples
Sources
Between building
infrastructures
Within or near
the city
gardening (private scale):
allotment gardens, community
gardens, CPULS
Viljoen 2005
farming (commercial scale)
Building
integrated
agriculture (BIA)
Multifunctional
buildings
Add-on
green roofs, balcony gardens,
aquaponic gardens
aquaponic rooftop farms
Graber & Junge, 2009
www.urbanfarmers.com
Multifunctional
buildings
Integration of the food
production into water, energy
and biomass cycles within the
building
(Zero Emission Buildings)
Bühler, 2013,
Bühler et al., 2014,
Schütze et al. 2013
www.zebistis.ch
Monofunctional
buildings
Vertical Farms: Buildings
dedicated to food production
Despommier, 2010
Operacija se izvaja v okviru Operativnega programa razvoja človeških virov za obdobje 2007-2013, razvojne prioritete 3 : »Razvoj človeških virov in
vseživljenjskega učenja«; prednostne usmeritve 3.3 »Kakovost, konkurenčnost in odzivnost visokega šolstva«.
39
Caplow (2010) defined Building integrated agriculture (BIA) as “the practice of locating high
performance hydroponic greenhouse farming systems on and in mixed use buildings to exploit
synergies between the built environment and agriculture”. Typical elements of BIA include
recirculating hydroponics with/without aquaculture, waste heat captured from a building's heating-
ventilation-air condition system, renewable energy supply, rainwater harvesting and treatment for
a subsequent use in hydroponics and use of evaporative cooling. BIA can be of different designs,
either open-air or encased in a greenhouse. It can be on the rooftop (horizontal) or integrated in the
skin of the building (vertical). Soilless cultures are the core element of BIA (Figure 4).
3
Aquaponics
Aquaponics an innovative, sustainable food production system integrating aquaculture with
hydroponic vegetal crops (Graber & Junge-Berberovic, 2009), (Figure 3). Aquaponics has the
potential to play a key role in food provision and tackling global challenges such as water scarcity,
food security, urbanization, and reductions in energy use and food miles. While it is a widely
discussed technology today (about 1.3m hits on Google in May 2014), there are not so many
research papers on the efficiency and performance published yet. The most cited ones include
Diver (2000), Rakocy et al. (2006), Graber & Junge-Berberovic (2009) and Pantanella et al.
(2010).
Figure 3: Aquaculture and hydroponics (left) and aquaponics (right)
Operacija se izvaja v okviru Operativnega programa razvoja človeških virov za obdobje 2007-2013, razvojne prioritete 3 : »Razvoj človeških virov in
vseživljenjskega učenja«; prednostne usmeritve 3.3 »Kakovost, konkurenčnost in odzivnost visokega šolstva«.
40
Figure 4. The taxonomy of soilless cultures.
Source: D.
Bachmann, unpublished.
3.1
Opportunity mapping for Aquaponics
Aquaponic technology is not the panacea that will transform the cities of today into cities of the
future. But, as the opportunity mapping the city of Basel (Table 2) shows, it can contribute up to
20% to the fish and vegetable consumption of a medium sized Swiss city.
3.2
The first commercial rooftop aquaponic farm in Switzerland
In 2012, the swiss company UrbanFarmers, a spin-off of the Zurich University of Applied
Sciences (ZHAW) built a 260 m
2
greenhouse farm on an industrial rooftop in Basel (UF 2014).
Together with the research team at ZHAW, the interior aquaponic farm layout was planned,
installed, operated and monitored (Fig. 5). The project was approved and supported by the Swiss
commission for technology and innovation during 18 months, focussing on the development of
farm operation software in order to standardize this new farming approach. In its first year of
operations, 700 kg Tilapia and 3’500 kg of different vegetables were produced and sold to
restaurants as well as Migros, Switzerland’s largest retailer.