| Interlevel of the corresponding units
The special heterogeneity of systems of unrelated languages requires the
identification of means of expression of a particular category at all levels of the
linguistic hierarchy.
There can be no question of the completeness of comparing or juxtaposing
a particular text of diverse systems without fixing the means of expressing units
of all levels.
The theory of translation is built on similar foundations. Translation
requires data identified by a typological operation. A special role is played by
inter-level typological synonyms or transformational variants of the surface
structure. For example, if in a source language a certain category is conveyed
using a verbal non-nominalized form, where in another, the relevant norms can
be nominalized. If in the source language a certain meaning is expressed by units
of the word level, then in the translation language the corresponding
confrontations can be correlated with the level of the phrase. For instant, in
Russian the verb
принести
(to bring)
is a word, whereas in Uzbek this verb has
a form of phrase:
olib kelmoq.
Comparative typology and translation theory are also connected
theoretically and practically. Communication at the theoretical level is based on
the fact that, presenting the scientific aspects of language learning, both
comparative typology and translation are engaged in establishing patterns of
correspondence between the means of two or more independent languages. At a
practical level, a comparative typology is associated with the learning process,
and translation is associated with familiarizing the reader with a foreign language
text.
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