Financial Accounting for Decision Makers



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48
CHAPTER 2
MEASURING AND REPORTING FINANCIAL POSITION
For purely service businesses, the situation is similar, except that inventories are not 
involved.
Non-current assets
Non-current assets
(also called 
fixed assets
) are simply assets that do not meet the defini-
tion of current assets. They tend to be held for long-term operations. Non-current assets may 
be either tangible or intangible. Tangible non-current assets normally consist of 
property, 
plant and equipment
. We shall refer to them in this way from now on. This is a rather broad 
term that includes items such as land and buildings, machinery, motor vehicles and fixtures 
and fittings.
The distinction between those assets continuously circulating (current) and those used for 
long-term operations (non-current) may help readers of the statement of financial position 
when assessing the mix of assets held. Most businesses need a certain amount of both types 
of asset to operate effectively.
Figure 2.3 
The circulating nature of current assets
Inventories
(stock)
Cash
Trade
receivables
(trade debtors)
Inventories may be sold on credit to customers. When the customers pay, the trade receivables 
will be converted into cash, which can then be used to purchase more inventories. Then the cycle 
begins again.
Can you think of two examples of assets that may be classified as non-current assets for 
an insurance business?
Examples of assets that may be defined as being non-current include:
■ 
property;
■ 
furniture;
■ 
motor vehicles;
■ 
computers;
■ 
computer software; and
■ 
reference books.
This is not an exhaustive list. You may have thought of others.
Activity 2.9
M02 Atrill's Financial Accounting For Decis 51257.indd 48
18/03/2019 14:13


CLASSIFYING CLAIMS 
49
The way in which a particular asset is classified (that is, between current and non-current) 
may vary according to the nature of the business. This is because the 
purpose
for which the 
asset is held may vary. For example, a motor van retailer will normally hold inventories of 
motor vans for sale; it would, therefore, classify them as part of the current assets. On the 
other hand, a business that buys one of these vans to use for delivering its goods to custom-
ers (that is, as part of its long-term operations) would classify it as a non-current asset.
The assets of Kunalun and Co., a large advertising agency, are as follows:
■ 
cash at bank;
■ 
fixtures and fittings;
■ 
office equipment;
■ 
motor vehicles;
■ 
property;
■ 
computers; and
■ 
work in progress (that is, partly completed work for clients). 
Which of these do you think should be defined as non-current assets and which should 
be defined as current assets?
Your answer should be as follows:
Activity 2.10
Non-current assets
Current assets
Fixtures and fittings
Cash at bank
Office equipment
Work in progress
Motor vehicles
Property
Computers

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