Foreign languages

LESSON 5. AUXILIARY VERBS TOBE , TO DO, TO HAVE, IN THE PRESENT,PAST AND FUTURE INDEFINITE TENSES

Yordamchi fe’llar (Auxiliary verbs) Umumiy ma’lumotlar
1.To be, to have, to do, shall (should), will (would) fe’llari yordamchi (Auxiliary Verbs) fe’llar deyiladi, chunki ular yordamida fe’lning turli murakkab shakllari yasaladi. Yuqoridagi fe’llar Simple Present va Simple Past zamonlarining bo‘lishli shaklidan tashqari barcha fe’l zamonlarini yasashda ishlatiladi. Yordamchi fe’llarning mustaqil ma’nosi bo‘lmaydi, ma’noni ular bilan birga kelgan asosiy fe’llar beradi. Ular zamonni, shaxsni, sonni, nisbatni va boshqalarni ifodalashda ishlatiladi:
I am reading. Men o‘qiyapman.
They have come. Ular kelishdi.
Doyou speak English? Siz inglizcha gapirasizmi?
He will return soon. U tezda qaytadi.
2. Ba’zan to be, to have, shall (should), will (would)fe’llari modal fe’l ma’nosida kelib zaruratni, istakni, niyatni ifodalaydi.
3. Ba’zan to be bo‘lmoq, to have ega bo‘lmoq, to do qilmoqfe’llari ma’nosida asosiy fe’l bo‘lib ham keladi.


TO BE FE’LI
1. Boshqa fe’llardan farq qilib to be fe’lining Simple Presentda 1-shaxs birlikda, 3-shaxs birlikda va ko‘plikda alohida-alohida shakllari mav jud: I am, he (she, it) is,we (you, they) are.
2. To be fe’lining Simple Pastzamonda birlik va ko‘plik uchun alohida shakllari mavjud: I (he, she, it) was, we (you, they) were.
3. Bo‘lishsiz gaplar yasashda to be fe’lining tegishli shaklidan keyin not inkor yuklamasi qo‘yiladi:
I am not, I was not.
4. So‘roq gaplar yasashda to be fe’lining shakli egadan oldinga o‘tkaziladi: Am I? Was I?
5.To be fe’li faqat ikkita davom zamonda ishlatiladi: Present Continuous va Past Continuousda va asosan majhul nisbatda: Iam being invited, I was being invited.
6.To be fe’li Perfect Continuous zamonlarida ishlatilmaydi.
7. To be fe’lining bo‘lishsiz buyruq shakli umumiy qoidaga asosan, uning oldiga do not (don’t)ni qo‘yish bilan yasaladi:
Don’t be angry. Achchig‘ingiz kelmasin. Don’t be late. Kechikmang.
8. Og‘zaki nutqda Simple Presentning bo‘lishli shaklida odatda quyidagi qisqartirmalar yuz beradi:
I am =I’m We are = we’re
you are = you’re You are = you’re
He is =he’s
She is = she’s
It is = it’s
They are =they’re
Simple Present va Simple Past zamonlarda quyidagi qisqartirishlar yuz beradi:
I am not = I’m not
He is not = he’s not yoki heisn’t
She is not = she’s not yoki she isn’t
It is not = it’s not yoki it isn’t
We are not = we’re not yoki wearen’t
You are not = you’re not yoki you aren’t
They are not = they’re not yoki they aren’t
I (he, she, it) was not = I (he, she, it) wasn’t
We (you, they) were not = we(you, they) weren’t
9.To be fe’li yordamchi fe’l bo‘lib keladi:
a) Hozirgi zamon sifatdoshi (Present Participle) bilan birga kelib barcha davom (Continuous va Perfect Continuous) zamonlarni yasashda ishlatiladi:
I am writing a letter. Men xat yozyapman.
She was doingher lessons at five. U soat beshda darslarini qilayotgan edi.
I shall be working at three o’clock.
Men soat uchda ishlayotgan bo‘laman.
It has been raining since mor ning. Ertalabdan buyon yomg‘ir yog‘-yapti.
b) O‘tgan zamon sifatdoshi (Past Participle)bilan birga kelib majhul nisbatning barcha zamonlarini yasaydi:
He is often invited there. Uni u yerga tez-tez taklif qilishadi.
He was asked a difficult question. Undan qiyin savol so‘rashdi.
The translation will be finished tomorrow.
Tarjima ertaga tamom qilinadi.
10.To be fe’li ot-kesimlarda bog‘lovchi bo‘lib keladi va -dir, edi, bo‘-ladi deb tarjima qilinadi. O‘zbek tilida hozirgi zamonda ko‘pincha tushib qoladi:
He isan engineer. U — muhandis.
He is the best student in the first course.
U birinchi kursda eng yaxshi talaba.
The story was interesting. Hikoya qiziq edi.
She will be a teacher next year. U kelasi yili o‘qituvchi bo‘ladi.
The task of our representatives was to ship the goods immediately.
Vakillarimizning vazifasi mollarni zudlik bilan yuklash edi.
1.To be fe’li asosiy fe’l bo‘lib keladi va bo‘lmoq, joylashmoq ma’nosini beradi:
He is at the Institute now. U hozir institutda.
She was in Samarkand during the summer.-U yozda Samarqandda edi.
I shall beat home tonight. Men bu oqshom uyda bo‘laman.
Hozirgi zamon bo‘lishsiz shaklda to be fe’li emas deb tarjima qili nadi:
He isn’t at home. U uyda emas.
They are not in London. Ular Londonda emas.
2.To be fe’li asosiy fe’lningto yuklamasi bilan kelgan shakli bilan kelib modallashadi va oldindan kelishilgan yoki rejalashtirilgan zaruratni ifodalaydi