108
increase GHG emissions on a
life cycle perspective, when compared to regional coal
extraction and consumption for power production.
As shown below in Figures 1 and 2,
NETL’s analysis indicates that, for most scenarios in both
the European and Asian regions,
the generation of power from imported natural gas has lower life cycle GHG emissions than
power generation from regional coal.
250
(The use of imported coal in these countries will
only increase coal’s GHG profile.) Given the uncertainty in
the underlying model data,
however, NETL states that it is not clear if there are significant differences between the
corresponding European and Asian cases other than the LNG transport distance from the
United States and the pipeline distance from Russia.
250
Although these figures present an expected value for each of the
four scenarios, NETL states that the figures
should not be interpreted as the most likely values due to scenario variability and data uncertainty. Rather, the
values allow an evaluation of trends only—specifically, how each of the major processes (
e.g., extraction, transport,
combustion) contribute to the total life cycle GHG emissions.
See LCA GHG Report at 8-9.
109
Figure 1: Life Cycle GHG Emissions for Natural Gas and Coal Power in Europe
251
251
LCA GHG Report at 9 (Figure 6-1).
629
606
612
1,089
787
754
887
1,095
0
250
500
750
1,000
1,250
1,500
1,750
N
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Coal
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Coal
: E
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R
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100-yr GWP
20-yr GWP
G
re
en
ho
use
G
as
Em
issi
on
s A
R5 G
W
P
(kg
C
O
₂e
/M
W
h)
Natural Gas/Coal Extraction
Natural Gas Processing
Domestic
Pipeline Transport
Liquefaction
Tanker/Rail Transport
Tanker Berthing & Deberthing
110
Figure 2: Life Cycle GHG Emissions for Natural Gas and Coal Power in Asia
252
Second, there is an overlap between the ranges in the life cycle GHG emissions of U.S.
LNG, regional alternative sources of LNG, and natural gas from Russia delivered to the
European or Asian markets. Any differences are considered indeterminate due to
the underlying
uncertainty in the modeling data. Therefore, the life cycle GHG emissions among these sources
of natural gas are considered similar, and no significant increase
or decrease in net climate
impact is anticipated from any of these three scenarios.
252
LCA GHG Report at 10 (Figure 6-2).
660
613
661
1,089
824
763
1,009
1,095
0
250
500
750
1,000
1,250
1,500
1,750
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100-yr GWP
20-yr GWP
G
re
en
ho
use
G
as
Em
issi
on
s A
R5 G
W
P
(kg
C
O
₂e
/M
W
h)
Natural Gas/Coal Extraction
Natural Gas Processing
Domestic Pipeline Transport
Liquefaction
Tanker/Rail Transport
Tanker Berthing & Deberthing