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Both scenarios called for the government to play a significant role  in order to bring 

them about.  

 

 Figure 2. 



Public Transport 

Scenario

Private Transport

scenario

Society


Invest Public transport 

infrastructure

Civic right to move around : Oldies  



and Poors 

Compact city policy



Busy city centre with eye spies

Abandonment of many rural 



agricultural communities

Virtual accessibility by ICT 



People dwells dispatched

self responsibility 



New life style

Income disparity widen



Local communities go bankruptcy

Small, medium towns cease public 



transport services

CO2


Public transport system reduces 

CO2



EV dominates market, reduces CO2



Economy

Regulation and redistribution



Low growth 

Gov’t pour big R&D money to EV 



techs and dissemination

High growth, high logistic cost



Urban Mobility 2040

Dr. Hironori Kato



Univ. of Tokyo

 

 

This was an academic work trying to evoke civic discussion.  We therefore tried to 

write stories that were easy to read, with lots of illustrations.   In that regard, we 

succeeded: today we see some activity that refers to this scenario work, suggesting 

that it has been read and noticed.   But, wait a minute: from the scenario practitioners’ 

viewpoint, there is a weakness in the framework of this study. 

 

The “Urban Mobility 2040” anticipates that problems will resolve themselves once 



the government notices that they exist, and can put its policies into effect.  The 

Japanese government will exercise its masterful organising force, marshalling 

scientific and engineering enterprise to transform society.  Indeed, this scenario work 

did communicate well with the Japanese government and other public sector 

organizations specializing in the urban planning. However, what then?   Can we 

believe that governments will always do fine?  That government has never failed?   

To get to grips with this question, I must introduce another scenario.  

 

2.5. China: when governments go wrong  



 

During the last ten years I have performed many scenario exercises relating to country 

risk analysis, particularly with regards to developing countries.  There has been a 

good demand for this kind of work both from private and public organizations. 

 

When discussing the future of certain developing countries, unstable domestic politics 



and/or malfunctioning governments very often come up as key uncertainty.  For 

example, in 2006/07 I performed a scenario study on China for a Japanese research 

institute, a not-for profit organisation (NPO).  The aim of the work was to ignite a 

conversation between Chinese and Japanese experts on energy saving issues.  




 

 

10 



 

 

In this scenario work we pointed out that the success of China’s drive for an energy-



saving society was conditional on the state of the Chinese domestic economy.  A 

global economic downswing could happen any time, and would hit hard the Chinese 

economic boom, which for many people then (as now) appeared unstoppable.   ‘China 

Scenarios 2007’ provocatively suggested that, if the Chinese government was 

incompetent to cope with an international or  domestic macroeconomic crisis, the 

recession might be prolonged for years to come.  Moreover, any recovery might 

become steadily more difficult, as China faced the onset of an ageing society, and a 

resultant smaller workforce and higher social welfare bills.  Economic activity would 

plunge, resulting in less energy consumption but also eclipsing in peoples’ minds the 

importance of energy saving.   The scenario argued that the energy saving mind set is 

seeded mainly in city dwellers’ affluent spending behaviour, not among the rural 

population in China.  This is the message Japanese energy experts wanted to deliver, 

outspoken and undimmed.    It ought to be noted that this work was finished and 

presented before the Lehman Shock in autumn 2008. 



 

Figure 3. 

 

 

 

We presented ‘China Scenario 2007” at an international conference in Shanghai 

focused on energy conservation.   Notable researchers, regulators and business leaders 

listened to the scenario.  We received many comments and questions from the floor.  

Chinese  experts wanted us to show the numerical relationship between a 

macroeconomic crisis and energy-saving habits, and having anticipated this line of 

questioning we were ready to share our research results.   A good exchange of views 

took place, with Chinese and Japanese thinkers freely speaking their minds to each 

other.  Later after the conference, we were told that many senior official in the 

Chinese government attended our presentation and conversed with energy experts.  

 

China Scenario 2007: Outline

Economic

Growth

‘2008


Beijing 

Olympic

‘2010


Shanghai EXPO

Macro Economic

Crisis ?!

Aging weighs on China 

.… gradually … 

Anchor

Scenario

‘2020


Energy Saving

Giant

@CRIEPI, 2007




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