Ministry of higher and secondary special education of the republic uzbekistan state world languages university

Segmental phonology studies phonemes realized in various speech sound. Therefore, it may be called phonemics.

Suprasegmental phonology (prosodies) studies the distinctive features realized in syllables, stress and intonation.

The Prague linguistic school was the center of phonological typology in its time. N.S. Trubetskoy is considered the founder of typology of phonological system (theory of distinctive features).

Word stress or accent is usually defined as the degree of force or prominence with which a sound or syllable is uttered. Languages differ with word stress placement and degrees of it.

Intonation is a complex unity of speech melody, sentence stress, tempo of speech, rhythm of speech, voice tember and pausation that enables the speaker to express his thoughts, feelings and emotions.

When phonemes are pronounced in words, they change their place of articulation or their features, this process is called assimilation.

Dissimilation is the process by which one of two similar or identical sounds in a word becomes less like the other, such as the / in English marble (from French marbre).

Reduction refers to various changes in the acoustic quality of vowels, which are related to changes in stress, sonority, duration, loudness, articulation, or position.

Accent is a relative prominence of a particular syllable of a word by greater intensity or by variation or modulation of pitch or tone.

Rhythm is the pattern or flow of sound created by the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables in accentual verse or of long and short syllables in quantitative verse.

Pysiological-acoustic is a branch of acoustics that studies the structure and  branch   function of the sound-detecting and sound-forming organs of man andanimals.