Approach
39
3. Approach
In the question, if there exists a still unknown phenomenon that influences the
electromagnetic environmental compatibility, we must fall back far until upon the roots of
our physical understanding. Here we find a fundamental principle that until today is not
doubted and that is regarded as elementary, the principle of causality. Every result of a
measurement, every interpretation is checked for causality and only after passing this
examination it is accepted and published.
This principle of cause and effect has established, not only in physics but also in many
other disciplines of science. Is an effect observed, so there immediately is asked for the
cause. This principle encounters us in daily life
.
When all observable and measurable effects ever can be assigned to a cause without force
and without exceptional regulations then the logical result is a pyramid of causality. On
top a fundamental physical principle is found, that is regarded as given by nature or as
given by god and that with its properties is responsible as the cause for different effects.
These effects again appear as the cause for new effects and so on (Fig. 3.0).
Sometime we have removed us so far from the top of the pyramid that a direct reference to
the describable effects can't be made anymore, so the impression could arise that it
concerns an isolated and independent discipline. We should take care not to think in such
a monocausal way, because both delimitation and avoidance of interdisciplinary working
methods will inevitably steer us into a dead end!
This pyramid of causality stands for the vision of a "unified theory", like it is demanded
and sought-after by numerous research scientists. But as long as it is not found, we'll have
to do with unsolved problems of causality. About this any number of examples can be
given.
A physical principle based on the principle of causality is the vortex. This the eddy current
demonstrates us clearly. The cause for its origin is an alternating field. According to
Faraday's law of induction this induces a voltage that in a conducting medium results in a
current according to Ohm's law. Around this current according to Ampere's law an
alternating field forms, that points perpendicular to the current and overlaps the original
alternafing field. This induced field first of all is an effect that overlaps the cause and itself
becomes the cause. The effect that follows from that further overlaps and forms a new
cause etc. In this way vortices form.
Vortices quasi represent the principle of causality.
: When for instance a woman complains: "Doctor, my left knee hurts" (effect).
The doctor diagnoses the cause: "Yes, that comes with age!" With that
causality is established. "But doctor", says the woman, "my right knee is
exactly as old as my left knee!" And already the doctor has a new problem of
causality.
40
Principle of causality
violations of the principle of causality:
1.
monopoles exist
2.
starting point for the strong interaction
3.
fields and quanta are a cause at the same time
4.
hypothetical particles (gluons, quarks, etc.)
5.
transmission of information with
speeds faster than
light
•
with photons (University of Berkeley)
•
with microwaves (University of Cologne)
•
with laser beams (Technical Univ. of Vienna)
6. transmission of energy with speeds faster than light
• with scalar waves (Nicola Tesla)
Fig. 3.1: Causality or the principle of cause and effect
Principle of Causality:
Approach __________________________________________________________________________ 41
3.1 Principle of causality
Our physical view of life strictly obeys the rules of causality, the principle of cause and
effect. But there are numerous cases, where causality at first could not be fulfilled
anymore. Here alternate solutions had to be found to not endanger this very successful
principle. A few examples should clarify this:
1. Technically it is impossible to produce a magnetic monopole. When a north pole is
produced then the accompanying south pole is also formed. In the same way only the
positive and negative pole can be assembled as the so called dipole. In the microcosm
however we find monopoles. Electrons are such particles. To restore causality we must
grant the microcosm its own laws that are not valid in the macrocosm! But this
monocausal hypothesis contradicts the observation that the microcosm represents an
image of the macrocosm and vice versa. Doubts if this assertion is allowed are
reasonable.
2. Like charges repel each other and that the more the smaller the distance gets. In an
atomic nucleus positively like charged protons are together at the smallest possible
room without any repulsion happening. Arithmetically seen all atomic nuclei would
have to explosively fly to pieces. But because this doesn't happen, shortly a new and
supposedly fundamental interaction, the strong interaction, was introduced to save
causality. Nevertheless this interaction now holds the like particles in a not explained
manner together. Causality could be obtained only by the introduction of a new
fundamental phenomenon.
3. When causality should hold as the supreme principle, it should be demanded with
priority for the fundamental phenomena of physics. Instead, in quantum
electrodynamics the particle is attributed the same physical reality as the field. With the
wave-particle duality Heisenberg has given out the corresponding formula of
compromise. This slaps the face of the principle of cause and effect.
Causality on principle allows only two approaches for a solution: the quantum physical
approach. which holds the quanta as the cause for the fields, and the field-theoretical
ašproach. wherein only the fields act as the cause. For both approaches there are good
arguments. The field theorists cite that fields can exist also in the vacuum, so that there
exist fields without particles but never particles without fields. Against that the quantum
physicists hold that somewhere, even when quite far away, there exist particles and that
the measurable fields merely are their action at a distance.
Both approaches first arouse the impression to be fully equal. In the course of the
discoveries in the area of quantum physics, the corresponding approach has been able to
establish. But it demands that all phenomena have to be understood as a consequence of
particles. So should gravitons make gravitation possible, should gluons hold everything
together and the quarks form the basic building parts. Meanwhile there is only worked
with hypotheses. Out of poverty quantum physics meanwhile has said goodbye to strict
causality, after the number of the violations of causality has risen that much and in every
respect there is a lack of models of explanation. It seems as if the end is reached, as if the
quantum physical approach to a large extend is exhausted.