41
ENTEROBIOSIS
Etiology
Enterobius vermicularis
Epidemiology
Anthroponosis.
Peroral contageous helminthiasis.
The mechanism of the transmission is fecal-oral
Pathogenesis
The infection is realized in oral cavity
The maturation of the invasive eggs with larvae is
finished in 4-6 hours on the skin of the human.
Larvae in the distal section of the small intestine →
rectum (female) → eggs on the perianal area and
perineum
The mechanic lesion of the mucous membrane →
inflammatory changes, hemorrhages
Clinical
manifestations
itch
pyodermia
headache
disorder of sleep
irritation
dizziness
Compilations
appendicitis
perforation with peritonitis
Diagnostics
perianal scrape
Treatment
Etiotropic – mebendazole
(treatment is effective only in
observance of the rules of the personal
hygiene)
Prophylaxis
dehelmintization of the patients
sanitary-hygienic measures
in the foci chemioprophylaxis is
performed
42
TRICHOCEPHALOSIS
Etiology
Trichocephalus trichiuris
Epidemiology
Anthroponosis. Peroral biochelminthiasis
The mechanism of transmission is fecal-oral
The factors of transmission are vegetables, fuits, water
The infection of the human is realized in use
with the food only matured eggs
Pathogenesis The eggs with invasive larvae → penetrations into the mucous
membrane of the small intestine → the large intestine
↓
↓
Traumatization of the wall of
the large intestine →
admixture of the bacterial flora
→ inflammatory reaction →
formation of the infiltrates
(typhlitis)
Penetration into the mucous
and submucous layers →
constant irritation of the
interoreceptors → disorders of
the function of the stomach,
duodenum and central nervous
system
Clinical
manifestations
↓
↓
diarrhea
hemocolitis
tenesmus
pain in the right hypogastrium
hypochromic anemia
weakness
dizziness
decrease of artherial pressure
tachycardia
Compilations
rectal prolapse
appendicitis
hypochromic
anemia
Diagnostics
eosinophilia
hypochromic anemia
finding of the eggs of helminths in feci
Treatment
albendazolum
mebendazolum
Prophylaxis
detection and treatment of the patient
sanitary-hygienic measures
washing of vegetables and fruits
43
ANCYLOSTOMIDOSES (ANCYLOSTOMOSIS AND NECATOROSIS)
Etiology
Ancylostoma duodenale / Necator americanus
Epidemiology
Anthroponosis. Percutaneous and peroral heohelminthiases
Main route of transmission - percutaneous
The susceptibility is general
Pathogenesis
Early (migratory) phase
Late (intestinal) phase
↓
↓
allergic reaction
perivascular infiltration of the
lungs
Fixation of ancylostoma to
mucous membrane of the small
intestine (hypoalbuminemia)
↓
↓
Clinical
manifestations
itch, urticar rash, increase the
temperature, cough with asthmatic
component (sputum with blood)
nausea
vomiting
pain in the epigastrium
diarrhea
anemia is leading symptom
(in 3-6 month)
pain in the muscles
dry skin
edema of the low
extremeties
Compilations
infection of the skin in the area
of the entrance gate → sepsis,
tetanus, erythypilas, carbuncule
Quinke’s edema, laryngospasm
hypochromic
anemia
Diagnostics
General methods
leukocytosis
eosinophilia
increase the ESR
hypochromic anemia
Biochemical methods
decrease general protein
general of serum Fe
Specific methods: finding of the eggs of helminths in the feci
Treatment
Etiotropic therapy: albendazole, levamizole,
mebendazole, thiabendazole
Prophylaxis dehelmintization of the patients
sanitary-hygienic measures devastation of
soil
Pathogenetic therapy: treatment of
anemia and hypoalbuminemia,
desensibilization