13
Zveli istorikosebi da mogzaurebi
saqarTvelos Sesaxeb
herodotem Herodotus (Zv. w. 480427 ww.),
istoriis mamam, pirvelma mogvca msoflios
sistemuri istoria. mis `istoriaSi~ Histories
(II, 103105) vkiTxulobT, rom Zv. w. me19
saukuneSi kolxeTi daipyro egviptelma
faraonma sesostris IIIm (Sesostris) da rom
kolxi xalxi egviptelebis STamomavalia.
qsenofonte Xenophon (Zv. w. 427355 ww.),
berZeni meTauri da sokrates moswavle,
msaxurobda sparseTSi daqiravebul ja
ris
kacad da monawileobda axalgazrda
kirosis laSqrobaSi. omSi damarcxebis
Semdeg (Zv. w. 401400 ww.) qsenofontem xel
mZRvaneloba gauwia aTi aTas jariskacs,
rom lebic somxeTisa da saqarTvelos gav
liT midiodnen Savi zRvis napirisaken,
saidanac saberZneTSi apirebdnen gacurvas
navebiT. qsenofonte `anabazisSi~ (harvar
dis universitetis presa, kembriji)
`Anabasis~ (Harvard University Press, Cambridge)
wers, rom erTerTi jariskacTagani iyo
mona da man icoda am xalxis ena. ad
gi
lobrivebi acxadebdnen, rom isini `mak
ronebi~ (Macronians) iyvnen. makronebi
exmarebodnen berZnebs xeebis moWrasa da
gzis gayvanaSi, raTa kolxeTis sazRvramde
misuliyvnen. SemdgomSi berZnebma tra
pi zonamde (Trapezus) ganagrZes gza. tra
pizoni iyo berZnebis dasaxlebuli qalaqi
evqsinis zRvasTan (Euxine Sea). msvlelobis
dros qsenofonte Sexvda da aRwera pro
to
qarTuli tomebi: xalibebi, taoelebi, fasianebi da mosinikebi
(Chalybes, Taochi, Phasian and Mossynoecians).
straboni (Strabo) (Zv. w. 6318 ww.) `geografiaSi~ (Geography) sa
qarTvelos Sesaxeb wers: `es mTebi (igulisxmeba kavkasioni) kedeliviT
aris aRmarTuli kaspiisa da pontos zRvebs Sua. is aris sazRvari
albaneTisa da iberiisa samxreTiT, xolo CrdiloeTiT samartaes vakeebi~.
14
yvela sxvadasxva enaze laparakobs, radgan gabneulad cxovroben da
ar aqvT urTierToba erTmaneTTan. yvela maTgani kavkasielia (Caucasii).
qveyanas aqvs araCveulebrivi produqti, mxolod Tafli aris cota
mware. didi yuradReba eqceva gemTmSeneblobas. xalxi dakavebulia
TeTreulis, kanafisa da cvilis damzadebiT. maTma selis produqciam
saxeli Sors da farTod gaiTqva; es produqcia gahqondaT eqsportze;
didi saxeli hqonda am qveyanas miTebSi,
romelic exeboda iazonis eqspedicias.
amJamad mosxebis (Moschian) saxelmwifo
gayofilia sam nawilad: erTi nawili
uWiravT kolxebs, meore iberielebs da
mesame somxebs~.
marko polom (Marco Polo) (12541324
ww.) saqarTveloSi 1293 wels imogzaura,
rac Tavis `mogzaurobebSi~ `The Travels~
aRwera: `qarTvelebi simpaTiuri rasaa,
romelTa Soris arian mamaci meomrebi da
kargi mSvildosnebi. isini qristianebi
arian da berZnuli bizantiuri eklesiis
wesebs icaven. mravladaa qalaqebi da
soflebi. didi raodenobiT iwarmoeba
abreSumi. ulamazesi naqsovi tansacmeli
mzaddeba abreSumis fabrikebSi. sak
mao raodenobaa yvelafris maragis,
warmoebis da vaWrobis aRmavlobis
Tval
sazrisiT. am qveyanaSi aris Seda
rebiT didi dasaxlebis qalaqi –
Tbilisi, garSemortymuli qalaqebiTa
da gareubnebiT. mosaxleoba qris
tia
nuli religiis arian (aseTebia qarT
velebi da somxebi), garda amisa, cota
saracinebi da ebraelebi, Tumca arc
ise bevri. es is qveyanaa, romliTac
aleqsandre makedonelma ver SeZlo
Crdi
loeTSi gadasvla, radgan gza
Zalze viwro da saxifaToa. erT mxares
aris zRva, xolo meore mxridan garSemortymulia maRali mTebiT.
tyeebi cxenebisTvis gauvalia. aleqsandrem aq koSki da cixe aago, raTa
mosaxleobis Tavdasxma aecilebina Tavidan. amas erqva rkinis karibWe
Iron Gates.
15
saqarTvelos istoriis ZiriTadi safexurebi:
mtkvararaqsis kultura – Zv. w. IVII aTaswleuli
argonavtebi (kolxebi) da troas omi – Zv. w. 1200 w.
protoqarTuli tomebis gaerTianeba (muSkebi, diaoxebi, kolxebi da
sxv.), aleqsandre didi makedoneli – Zv. w. 356325 ww.
qarTuli anbanis warmoSoba, farnavazi – pirveli wlebi qristes
Sobidan
gaqristianeba – Cv. w. me4 saukune
bizantielebi da sparselebi saqarTveloSi – me46 saukuneebi
arabebi da Turqseljukebi saqarTveloSi – me811 saukuneebi
qarTuli `oqros xana~ – me1113 saukuneebi
monRolebi da Cingizebi saqarTveloSi – me1314 saukuneebi
osmanTurqebi saqarTveloSi – me1518 saukuneebi
iranelebi saqarTveloSi – me1618 saukuneebi
rusebi saqarTveloSi – me1920 saukuneebi
Mtkvari-Araxes culture – 4-2 thousand years BC
Argonauts (Colchis) and Trojan War – 1200 BC
Unification of proto-Georgian tribes (Mushki, Diaochi, Colchis, etc), Alexander
the Great Macedonian – 356-325 BC
Introduction of Georgian alphabet, Pharnavaz – beginning AD
Christianization – 4 c.
Byzantines and Persians in Georgia – 4-6 c.
Arabs and Seljuk Turks in Georgia – 8-11 c.
Georgian `Golden Age~ – 11-13 c.
Mongols and Chingizides in Georgia – 13-14 c.
Ottoman Turks in Georgia – 15-18 c.
Iranians in Georgia – 16-18 c
Russians in Georgia – 19-20 c.