Hududiy boshqarmasi

O`ZBEKISTОN RESPUBLIKASI
ОLIY TA`LIM, FAN VA INOVATSIYALAR VAZIRLIGI
NAMANGAN VILOYATI KASBIY TA'LIMNI RIVOJLANTIRISH VA MUVOFIQLASHTIRISH
HUDUDIY BOSHQARMASI
POP TUMAN 1-SON KASB-HUNAR MAKTABI



Ingiliz tili
Fanidan
" The Present Continuous Tense "


USLUBIY QO`LLANMA

Pop tuman 1-son kasb-xunar maktabi «Umumta'lim fanlar kafеdrasi» ning 202___ yil «___»_________ kunidagi kafеdraning __-sonli qarori bilan navbatdagi ilmiy pеdagogik kеngashga tavsiya etildi.

Pop tuman 1-son kasb-xunar maktabi ilmiy pеdagogik kеngashining 202___ yil ___-__________ kunidagi _____-sonli qarori bilan tasdiqlangan.

Tuzuvchilar:

Pop tuman 1-son kasb-xunar maktabi
Umum ta`lim fani o`qituvchisi: X.Raxmatova

Taqrizchi:

Pop tuman 1-son kasb-xunar maktabi
«Umumta'lim fanlar» kafеdrasi mudiri: Yo.Mamasidiqova

Ushbu uslubiy qo`llanma ko`rib chiqildi

O`IBD o`rinbosari: Q. Xusainov
The Present Continuous Tense
(Hozirgi Davomli zamon)
Formulasi (Darak gap shakli) (Positive form)
S + am (is, are) + Ving + SPS

I am writing now (men hozir yozayapman). We are singing now (biz hozir kuylayapmiz)

You are writing now (sen hozir yozayapsan). You are speaking right now (siz hozir gapirayapsiz)
He is writing now (U hozir yozayapti).
She is reading now (U hozir oqiyapti). They are coming at the moment.
It is growing (u hozir osayapti). (Ular hozir kelyaptilar)
(contractions: Im, Youre, Hes, Shes, Its, Were, Theyre).
Soroq gap shakli (Question form)
Am (is, are) + S + Ving + SPS?

Am I writing now (men hozir yozayapmanmi?).

Are you reading now (sen hozir oqiyapsanmi?).
Is he speaking now (u hozir gapirayaptimi?).
Is she singing now (u hozir kuylayaptimi?).
Is it growing now (u hozir osayaptimi?).
Are we learning now (biz hozir organayapmizmi?).
Are you cleaning now (siz hozir tozalayapsizmi?).
Are they coming now (ular hozir kelyaptilarmi?).

Inkor gap shakli (Negative form)

S + am (is, are) + not + Ving + SPS

I am not reading now (men hozir oqimayapman). (Im not)

You are not learning now (sen hozir organmayapsan). (You arent)
He is not sleeping now (u hozir uxlamayapti). (He isnt)
She is not cleaning now (u hozir tozalamayapti). (She isnt)
It is not working now (u hozir ishlamayapti). (It isnt)
We are not discussing now (biz hozir bahslashmayapmiz). (We arent)
You are not washing now (siz hozir yuvmayapsiz). (You arent)
They are not enjoying now (ular hozir rohatlanmayaptilar). (They arent)
Ishlatilishi (Usage)
1. Hozirgi davomli zamon aynan hozir davom etayotgan ish-harakat va holatlarni ifodalaydi: We are learning English now. (Biz hozir inglizcha organyapmiz).
2. Bu zamon gapirilayotgan vaqt atrofida sodir bolayotgan, bir necha kun davomida sodir bolayotgan yoki boshi boshlanib hali tugallanmagan ish-harakatlarni ham ifodalaydi: I am reading an interesting book nowadays. (men shu kunlarda qiziqarli bir kitob oqiyapman). We are watching an interesting serial these days. (Biz shu kunlarda qiziqarli bir serial tomosha qilyapmiz). Ushbu qoidaga muvofiq ushbu zamon uchun “this week, this month, this year, this season, today” kabi vaqt korsatkichlari ham ishlatiladi: Alisher is not playing football this season. (Alisher bu mavsumda futbol oynamayapti).
3. Ozgaruvchan vaziyatlarga shu zamon ishlatiladi: Prices are growing very fast. (narxlar juda tez osyapti). The population of the world is rising very fast. (Dunyo aholisi juda tez kopaymoqda). My English is getting better. (Mening inglizcham yaxshilanayapti).
4. Vaqtinchalik vaziyatlarga shu zamon ishlatiladi: I am living with my friend until I find a flat. (Kvartira topgunimcha dostim bilan yashayapman). My telephone is not working now (Telefonim hozir ishlamayapti).
5. Kop hollarda buyruq gap bilan boshlangan gapning ikkinchisi shu zamonda boladi: Listen! The teacher is explaining the rule. (Tingla! Oqituvchi qoidani tushuntirayapti). Look! Somebody is climbing the tree over there. (Qara! Kimdir ana u yerdagi daraxtga chiqyapti).
6. Bu zamon kelasi zamon manosini ifodalashda ham ishlatiladi, yani bajarilishi oldindan rejalashtirilgan va kelajakda bajariladigan ish-harakatlar uchun shu zamon ishlatiladi: We are going to the cinema tomorrow. (Biz ertaga kinoga borayapmiz). I am meeting my friend next week. (men kelasi hafta dostim bilan uchrashyapman).
7. Biror kishiga nisbatan kinoya, shikoyat yoki jahlimiz chiqib gapirganimizda, yoki biror kishining faqat ungagina xos bolgan xarakteri haqida gapirganimizda davomli zamon ishlatamiz. Shu qoidaga kora ushbu zamonda “always (har doim), forever va constantly (doimo), continually (davomiy tarzda)” payt ravishlari ishlatiladi: You are always loosing your things. Sen doim narsalaringni yoqotib yurasan. She is always boasting. U maqtanaveradi. Mary is always leaving her worn socks on the floor. Meri doimo kiyilgan noskilarini polga tashlab qoyadi.
8. Ushbu zamonning Payt ravishlari (Zamon korsatgichlari): now - hozir, at the moment — shu onda, right now — ayni paytda, at present — hozirda, for the time being — hozirda, still — hali ham, currently — hozirda,
“Endigina” manosida “just” sozi ushbu zamonda ishlatildi: Have you done the shopping? Im just going. Men endigina borayapman.
9. Quyidagi his-tuyguni ifodalaydigan fellar ushbu zamonda ishlatilmaydi, yani -ing qoshimchasini olmaydi:
want like belong realize forget mean
need love hear believe understand seem
prefer hate know remember suppose
10. Lekin quyidagi fellar bir manoda —ing qoshimchasini olsa, ikkinchi manoda —ing qoshimchasini olmaydi: a) to have — feli “bor, mavjud, ega” manosida —ing olmaydi, lekin boshqa turli manolarda —ing oladi: I have a computer — menda kompyuter bor. I am having breakfast — men nonushta qilyapman. She is having a rest — u dam olyapti.
b) to see — feli “kormoq” va “tushunmoq” manosida —ing olmaydi: Do you see me, my dear? - Yes, I see. Meni tushunyapsanmi, qadirdonim? — Ha, Men tushunyapman. “to see” feli “uchrashmoq” manosida —ing oladi. I am seeing Tom tomorrow. Men ertaga Tom bilan uchrashyapman.
c) to look — feli “qaramoq” manosida —ing oladi, “korinmoq” manosida —ing olmaydi: She is looking at you. U senga qarayapti. She looks sad. U xafa korinyapti.
d) to smell — feli “hidlamoq” manosida —ing oladi, “hid taratmoq” manosida —ing olmaydi: She is smelling the rose. U atirgulni hidlayapti. The rose smells good. Atirgul yaxshi hid taratyapti. The soup smells bad. Shorva yomon hid taratyapti.
e) to taste — feli “tatib kormoq” manosida —ing oladi, “tam, maza bermoq” manosida —ing olmaydi: I am tasting the soup. Men shorvani tatib koryapman. The soup tastes good. Shorva yaxshi tam beryapti.
f) to sound — “ovoz chiqarmoq, baqirmoq” manosida —ing oladi, “eshitilmoq, quloqqa chalinmoq, oxshamoq” manosida —ing olmaydi: They are sounding angrily. Ular gazab bilan baqiryaptilar. The music sounds good. Musiqa quloqqa yoqimli eshitilyapti. Your suggestion sounds good. Taklifingiz yaxshiga oxshaydi.
g) to feel — feli “his qilmoq” va “teginib kormoq” manolarida —ing oladi, “tuyulmoq” manosida —ing olmaydi: She is feeling bad. U ozini yomon his qilyapti. I am feeling the paper. It feels rough. Men qogozga teginib (siypalab) koryapman. U gadir-budir tuyulyapti.. She is feeling the cats fur. The cats fur feels soft. U mushukning yungini silayapti. Mushukning yungi yumshoq (momiq) tuyulmoqda. “Fikrida bolmoq” manosida ham “feel” feli —ing olmaydi: I feel that it is important to respect other peoples opinion. Boshq odamlarning fikrini hurmat qilish muhim degan fikrdaman. I feel it will rain tomorrow.
h) to think — feli “fikrid bolmoq, menimcha, uningcha” manolarida kelsa “-ing” olmaydi, lekin “oylamoq” manosida “—ing” oladi: I think he will come tomorrow. Menimcha, u ertaga keladi. I am thinking about my exam now. Men hozir imtihonim haqida oylayapman.

Fellarning quyidagi turlari “—ing” qoshimchasini olmaydi:

1) Sezgi azolariga ishlatiladigan fellar: to hear, to see, to notice.
2) Hissiyot fellari: to love, to like, to hate, to dislike, to respect, to adore, to care for, to detest.
3) Xohish-istak fellari: to desire, to want, to wish.
4) Aqliy jarayonni ifodalovchi fellar: to admire (zavqlanmoq), to appreciate (qadrlamoq), to assume, to believe (ishonmoq), to consider (-deb oylamoq), to doubt (shubhalanmoq), to expect (umid qilmoq), to imagine (faraz qilmoq), to know (bilmoq), to feel (deb oylamoq), to mind (etiroz bildirmoq), to perceive, to presume, to recall, to recognize, to recollect, to regard, to remember, to suppose, to think, to trust, to understand.
5) Aloqa, tegishlilikni ifodalovchi fellar: to apply, to be to belong, to concern, to consist, to contain, to depend, to deserve, to differ, to equal, ti fit, to hold (oz ichiga olmoq), to have, to include, to involve, to lack, to matter, to need, to owe, to own, to possess, to remain, to require, to resemble, to result, to signify, to suffice.
6) Boshqa turli fellar: to agree, to allow, to appear (to seem), to astonish, to claim, to consent, to diplease, to envy, to fail to do, to feel, to find, to forbid, to forgive, to intend, to interest, to keep doing, to manage to do, to mean, to object, to please, to prefer, to prevent, to puzzle, to realize, to refuse, to remind, to satisfy, to seem, to smell, to sound, to succeed, to suit, to surprise, to taste, to tend, to value, to weigh (tarozida olchamoq).
The Present Indefinite Tense (Simple)
(Hozirgi Noaniq zamon) (Oddiy)
Formulasi (Darak gap shakli) (Positive form)
S + V1 + SPS

I wash my face every day. (men har kuni yuzimni yuvaman).

You speak English every day. (sen har kuni inglizcha gapirasan).
Ushbu zamonda uchinchi shaxs birlikda he, she, it olmoshlari bilan kelgan fellarga “—s” qoshimchasi qoshiladi. Agar fellar “-sh, -ch, tch, -ss, -o, -x” harflari bilan tugasa unda fel oxiriga “—es” qoshimchasi qoshiladi:
He works (teaches) every day. (U har kuni ishlaydi (oqitadi).
She reads books every day. (U har kuni kitob oqiydi.)
It grows every day. (u har kuni osadi).
We sing a song every day. (biz har kuni qoshiq kuylaymiz)
You speak French every day. (siz har kuni frantsuzcha gapirasiz)
They come every day. (ular har kuni keladi)
Soroq gap shakli (Question form)
Do (Does) + S + V1+ SPS?

Ushbu zamondagi gaplarning soroq shakli “Do” yordamchi felini egadan oldinga keltirish orqali yasaladi. Uchinchi shaxs birlikda esa Does yordamchi feli egadan oldinga qoyiladi, chunki asosiy feldagi “-s” qoshimchasi ham oldinga otadi:

Do I speak English every day? (men har kuni inglizcha gapiramanmi?).
Do you read a book every day? (sen har kuni kitob oqiysanmi?).
Does he speak English? (u inglizcha gapiradimi?).
Does she sing every day? (u har kuni kuylaydimi?).
Does it grow every day? (u har kuni osadimi?).
Do we learn English every day? (biz har kuni inglizcha organamizmi?).
Do you clean the flat every day. (siz kvartirani har kuni tozalaysizmi?).
Do they come every day? (ular har kuni keladilarmi?).
Inkor gap shakli (Negative form)
S + do (does) + not + V1 + SPS

I do not write every day. (men har kuni yozmayman). (I dont)

You do not drive the car every day.(sen mashinani har kuni haydamaysan). (You dont)
He does not study English every day. (u har kuni inglizcha organmaydi). (He doesnt)
She does not clean the flat every day. (u xonani har kuni tozalamaydi). (She doesnt)
It doesnt work. (u ishlamaydi). (It doesnt)
We do not discuss the order. (biz buyruqni muhokama qilmaymiz). (We dont)
You do not wash the car very day. (siz mashinani har kuni yuvmaysiz). (You dont)
They do not enjoy the party. (ular ziyofatdan rohatlanmaydilar). (They dont)
Ishlatilishi (Usage)
1. Bu zamon har kuni takroriy ravishda sodir bolaveradigan ish-harakat va holatlarga nisbatan ishlatiladi: I go to school every day. Men har kuni maktabga boraman. She brushes her teeth every morning. U har kuni ertalab tishini yuvadi.
2. Mutloq haqiqatlarga shu zamon ishlatiladi: The earth goes round the Sun. Yer quyosh atrofida aylanadi. The Sun rises in the East. Quyosh Sharqdan chiqadi.
3. Dastur va jadvallarda bajariladigan ish-harakatlar uchun shu zamon ishlatiladi: The film begins at ten oclock. Kino soat 10 da boshlanadi. The bus comes at nine oclock and leaves at eleven oclock. Avtobus soat 9 da keladi va soat 11 da jonab ketadi.
4. Biror ish-harakatni necha marta bajarishni aytishda ham shu zamon ishlatiladi. Soroq gapda How often? (necha marta?) sorogi ishlatiladi: I go to the dentist once a month. Men tish doktoriga bir oyda bir marta boraman. I play tennis twice a week. Men haftada ikki marta tennis oynayman. How often do you go to the dentist in a month? Bir oyda nech marta tish doktoriga borasiz? How often do you play tennis in a week? Bir haftada necha marta tennis oynaysiz?
How often+ do (does) + S+V1 ?

5. Juda yaqin kelajakda boladigan ish-harakatlarni soraganimizda yoki taklif qilishda “Why dont you” birikmasidan keyin shu zamon ishlatiladi: Why dont you sleep early? Nima uchun sen erta uxlamaysan? Why doesnt she come here? Nima uchun u bu yerga kelmaydi?

6. Davomli zamonda ishlatilmaydigan fellar shu zamonda ishlatilib —ing olmasa ham aynan hozir davom etayotgan ish-harakatni ifodalashi mumkin: I want to see her. Men uni korishni xohlayman. Men uni korishni xohlayapman. I understand you. Men sizni tushunyapman (tushunaman).
7. Payt va shart ergash gaplarning birinchi turida “when, if, while, till, until, after, before, as soon as, in case” va hokazo boglovchilardan keyin Present Simple zamoni ishlatiladi. Lekin gap kelasi zamon manosida boladi. Yani bu qoidag kora Present Simple zamoni kelasi zamon manosini anglatadi: We shall clean the room if we come earlier tomorrow. Agar biz ertaga ertaroq kelsak xonani tozalaymiz. When he comes, they will go to Canada. Qachonki u kelsa ular Kanadaga boradilar.
8. Ogzaki ingliz tilida kopinchi “I gather, I hear, I see va I understand” birikmalari bilan present simple zamoni ishlatiladi: The Prince is coming to visit, and I hear he is very rich. I gather you are worried about the new job. I see you want to be rich in your life.
9. Zamon korsatgichlari: Usually — odatda. I usually get up at six oclock. Men odatda soat 6 da uyqudan turaman. Every day, every week, every month, every year (har kuni, hafta, oy, yil). We read books every day. Biz har kuni kitob oqiymiz. On Mondays (dushanbalarda), On Sundays (yakshanbalarda): I play tennis on Sundays. Men yakshanba kunlari tennis oynayman. Once a week — haftada bir marta, sometimes — bazan, often — tez-tez, seldom — onda-sonda, random — onda-sonda, always — har doim, How often? — Necha marta? Repeatedly — takroriy ravishda, as a rule — qoidaga kora,
DO va MAKE fellarining ishlatilishi
1. DO feli malum bir otlar bilan odamlarga tasiri bolgan narsa va faoliyatlarni ifodalab berish uchun ishlatamiz: Masalan: to do homework, to do harm — zarar yetkazmoq.
2. DO feli bilan keladigan otlar quyidagilar: to do business, damage, an exercise, a favour, (no) good, not to do any good, housework, an injury, a job, research,
3. Ogzaki ingliz tilida DO feli boshqa felning orniga ishlatilishi mumkin: to clean the shoes = to do the shoes — tuflini tozalamoq, to comb the hair = to do the hair — sochni taramoq, to brush hair = to do the hair, to arrange flowers = to do the flowers — gullarni tahlamoq, to cook a curry = to do a curry, to make a curry = to do a curry, to cut nails = to do nails — tirnoq olmoq, to cut hair = to do hair —soch olmoq, to make beds = to do beds —toshakni solmoq, to tide (a desk, a cupboard, a garden) = to do (a desk, a cupboard, a garden) -tozalamoq;
4. Do feli —ing shakli bilan ishlatilganda ushbu feldan keyin biror korsatgich (the, some, a bit of, a lot of) kelishi lozim: to do the ironing, to do a bit of skiing, to do the cleaning, to do the cooking, to the gardening, to do a lot of shopping, to do the washing up. To do some bird watching, to do letter-writing, to do note-taking, to do sightseeing. Masalan: I am going to paint. va I am going to do some painting.
5. Biror narsani qurish, yaratish va hosil qilish haqida gapirganimizda MAKE felini ishlatamiz: to make coffee, to make a model, to make childrens clothes, to make a noise, to make an offer.
6. MAKE feli bilan kop ishlatiladigan otlar: to make (- an announcement, an application, an arrangement, an attempt, a choice, a comment, a contribution, a decision, a difference, a discovery, an enquiry, an excuse, a habit of doing smth, a list, a journey, a mistake, money, a phone call, a plan, a point, a promise, a remark, a sound, a speech, a suggestion)
7. MAKE feli kishilarga nisbatan ishlatilib ularning biror ish yoki mavqeda muvaffaqiyat qozonishini bildiradi: He will make a good teacher. U yaxshi oqituvchi boladi. He will make an excellent prime minister. U ajoyib bosh vazir bolib yetishadi. The old table will make a good place to put the television. Bu eski stol televizorni qoyish uchun yaxshi joy hosil qiladi.
The Present Perfect Tense
(Hozirgi tugallangan zamon)
Formulasi (Darak gap shakli) (Positive form)
S + have (has) +V3 + SPS

I have done my work. (men ishimni bajarib boldim). (Ive)

You have lost your pen. (sen ruchkangni yoqotgansan). (Youve)
Ushbu zamonda uchinchi shaxs birlikda he, she, it olmoshlari bilan kelgan fellar oldidan “has” ishlatiladi:
He has lost his key (U kalitini yoqotgan). (Hes)
She has read the book (U kitobni oqib bolgan) (Shes)
It has broken down recently (u yaqindagina buzilgan). (Its)
We have sung a song recently. (biz hozirgina qoshiqni kuylab boldik) (Weve)
You have broken your pencils. (siz qalamlaringizni sindirib qoyibsiz) (Youve)
They have come lately. (ular yaqindagina kelgan) (Theyve)
Soroq gap shakli (Question form)
Have (Has) + S + V3+ SPS?

Ushbu zamondagi gaplarning soroq shakli “Have (has)” yordamchi felini egadan oldinga chiqarish orqali yasaladi:

Have I written this text? (men bu matnni yazganmanmi?).
Have you eaten your breakfast? (sen nonushtangni yeganmisan?).
Has he lost his case? (u chemodanini yoqotganmi?).
Has she sung this song? (u mana bu qoshiqni kuylaganmi?).
Has it grown recently? (u yaqindagina osganmi?).
Have we learned this rule? (biz bu qoidani organganmizmi?).
Have you cleaned the flat? (siz xonani tozalab boldingizmi?).
Have they come recently? (ular yaqindagina kelganlarmi?).
Inkor gap shakli (Negative form)
S + have (has) + not + V3 + SPS

I have not written yet. (men hali yozib bolmadim). (I havent)

You have not driven the caryet.(sen hali mashinani haydamagansan). (You havent)
He has not studied English yet. (u hali inglizchani organmagan). (He hasnt)
She has not cleaned the flat yet. (u hali xonani tozalamagan). (She hasnt)
It hasnt worked yet. (u hali ishlamagan). (It hasnt)
We have not discussed the problem yet. (We havent)
(biz hali muammoni muhokama qilmadik).
You have not washed the car yet. (siz hali mashinani yuvmagansiz). (You havent)
They have not enjoyed the party. (ular ziyofatdan rohatlanmagan). (They havent)

Ishlatilishi (Usage)

1. Hozirgina bajarib bolingan va natijasi hozir bilan bogliq bolgan ish-harakatlarga nisbatan shu zamon ishlatiladi: I have written my essay. Men inshomni yozib boldim. He has lost his key. He has not got his key now. U kalitini yoqotib qoygan. Uning hozir kaliti yoq. I have broken my pen. Men ruchkamni sindirib qoyganman.
2. Yaqindagina sodir bolgan yangilikni yetgazishda shu zamondan foydalaniladi: They have bought a new car. Ular yangi mashina sotib olibdi. I.Karimov has come to Samarkand I.Karimov Samarqandga kelibdi.
3. Kishi hayoti davomida biror ishni necha marta bajarganligini aytish uchun shu zamon ishlatiladi: I have visited Chine twice. Men Xitoyga 2 marta borganman. I have swum in the ocean once. Men okeanda bir marta chomilganman.
4. Gapda sifatning orttirma darajasidan keyin shu zamon ishlatiladi: This is the most boring film I have ever seen. Bu men korgan filmlarning eng zerikarlisi. This is the most beautiful girl I have ever met. Bu men uchratgan qizlarning eng chiroylisi.
5. “just” (hozirgin) — sozi shu zamonda ishlatilib, u gapda have (has) yordamchi fellaridan keyin ishlatiladi: I have just come. Men hozirgina keldim. She has just seen me. U meni hozirgina kordi.
6. “Already” — allaqachon, sozi shu zamonda ishlatilib, biror ishni kutganimizdan ham oldinroq bajarilganligini ifodalaydi: I have already washed the car. Men mashinani allaqachon yuvib qoyganman.
7. “gone to” (ketgan), “been to” (bolgan) birikmalari shu zamonda ishlatilib, gone to biror joyga ketganlikni va shu yerda mavjud emaslikni, been to esa biror joyda bolib kelib hozirda shu yerdalikni ifodalaydi: He has gone to the USA. U AQShga ketgan. He has been to the USA. U AQShda bolgan.
8. “Never” — “hech qachon” sozi shu zamonda ishlatilib, kishi hayoti davomida hech qachon bajarmagan ish harakatni ifodalaydi: I have never smoked. Men hech qachon chekmaganman. He has never eaten caviar. U hech qachon baliq ikrasi yemagan.
9. “Ever” — “har qachon, biror marta”. Asosan ushbu zamondagi soroq gaplarda ishlatiladi: Have you ever met a tourist? Biror marta sayyoh uchratganmisiz? Has she ever driven a car. U biror marta mashina haydaganmi?
10. “Yet” — “hali” sozi shu zamonda faqat soroq va inkor gaplarda ishlatiladi. Yet gap oxirida qollaniladi. Yet soroq gapda “allaqachon” deb tarjima qilinadi: I have not run yet. Men hali yugurganim yoq. Has it stopped raining yet? Yomgir allaqachon toxtaganmi?
11. This is the first time, It is the first time — bu birinchi marta. Ushbu iboralardan keyin shu zamon ishlatiladi va ushbu iboralarga “How many times?” — “necha marta?” sorogi beriladi: How many times has he driven a car? U necha marta mashina haydagan? This is the first time he has driven a car. Bu uning birinchi marta mashina haydashi.
12. Hali tugab ulgurmagan vaqtni ifodalovchi payt ravishlari (today, this morning, this week, this month, this year) bilan shu zamon ishlatiladi. Bunda bir ish-harakat bajarib bolingan, lekin vaqt hali tugamagan boladi: I have learned ten new words today. Men bugun 10 ta yangi soz organdim. He has smoked ten cigarettes today.
13. Zamon korsatkichlari: Just, already, never, ever, recently- yaqindagina, yet, lately — songi paytlarda, of late — yaqinda, before — oldin, hardly, barely, scarcely — zorga, over the past six months- otgan olti oy mobaynida, in the last ten years-otgan on yil ichida.
Faqat Present Perfect zamonida ishlatiladigan zamon korsatgichlar: by now—hozirgacha, so far — hozirgacha, till now, until now, up to now, up to the present — hozirgacha.

The Present Perfect Continuous Tense

(Hozirgi tugallangan davomli zamon)
Formulasi (Darak gap shakli) (Positive form)
S + have (has) +been +Ving + SPS

I have been working since morning. (men ertalabdan buyon ishlayapman).

You have been writing since morning. (sen ertalabdan buyon yozayapsan).
He has been reading since lunch time. (U tushlik paytidan buyon oqiyapti).
She has been studying English since spring. (U bahordan buyon inglizcha organyapti)
It has benn working since morning. (u ertalabdan buyon ishlayapti).
We have been singing since eleven oclock. (biz soat 11 dan buyon kuylayapmiz).
You have been watching TV all day. (sizlar kun boyi TV tomosha qilyapsizlar)
They have been playing since morning. (ular ertalabdan buyon oynayaptilar).
Soroq gap shakli (Question form)
Have (Has) + S + been +Ving+ SPS?

Have I been working since morning? (men ertalabdan buyon ishlayapmanmi?).

Have You been writing since morning? (sen ertalabdan buyon yozayapsanmi?).
Has He been reading since lunch time? (U tushlik paytidan buyon oqiyaptimi?).
Has She been studying English since spring? (U bahordan buyon inglizcha organyaptimi?)
Has It been working since morning? (u ertalabdan buyon ishlayaptimi?).
Have We been singing since eleven oclock? (biz soat 11 dan buyon kuylayapmizmi?).
Have You been watching TV all day? (sizlar kun boyi TV tomosha qilyapsizlarmi?)
Have They been playing since morning? (ular ertalabdan buyon oynayaptilarmi?).
Inkor gap shakli (Negative form)
S + have (has) + not + been + Ving+ SPS

I have not been working since morning. (men ertalabdan buyon ishlamayapman).

You have not been writing since morning. (sen ertalabdan buyon yozmaayapsan).
He has not been reading since lunch time. (U tushlik paytidan buyon oqimayapti).
She has not been studying English since spring. (U bah. buyon inglizcha organmayapti)
It has not been working since morning. (u ertalabdan buyon ishlamayapti).
We have not been singing since eleven oclock. (biz soat 11 dan buyon kuylmaayapmiz).
You have not been watching TV all day. (sizlar kun boyi TV tomosha qilmayapsizlar)
They have not been playing since morning. (ular ertalabdan buyon oynamayaptilar).
Ishlatilishi (Usage)
1. Otgan zamonda ancha oldin boshlangan, ancha vaqt davom etgan va hozirgina tugagan, lekin natijasi hozir bilan bogliq bolgan ish-harakatlar uchun shu zamon ishlatiladi: 1) - Your clothes are so dirty. — Yes, We have been fighting. - Kiyimlaringiz juda iflos. Ha, Biz urshib kelyapmiz. 2) You are out of breath. — Yes, I have been running. Sen qattiq-qattiq nafas olayapsan. Ha, men yugurib keldim. 3) It has been raining. Yomgir yogib otgan.
2. Otgan zamonda boshlangan ancha vaqt davom etgan va hozirda ham davom etayotgan ish-harakatlar uchun shu zamon ishlatiladi. Bu qoidaga tegishli gaplarda “since” va “for” (buyon) sozlari ishlatiladi: I have been studying English since November. Men Noyabrdan buyon inglizcha organyapman. He has been playing chess for two hours. U ikki soatdan buyon shaxmat oynayapti. It has been raining since yesterday. Kechadan buyon yomgir yogayapti.
3. Harakat yoki holatni qanchadan buyon davom etayotganligini korsatish uchun shu zamonda “since” va “for” sozlari ishlatiladi.
“Since” ish-harakatning boshlanish nuqtasini korsatadi va quyidagicha ishlatiladi:

Since eight oclock — soat 8 dan buyon.

Since morning — ertalabdan buyon.
Since 1980 — 1980-yildan buyon.
Since April — Apreldan buyon.
Since Monday — Dushanbadan buyon.
Since lunch time — tushlik paytidan buyon.
Since he came — U kelgandan buyon.

I have been learning Turkish since 2006. Men 2006-yildan buyon Turkcha organyapman. Since sozi gapda “oclock” sozi bilan ishlatiladi, lekin “hour” sozi bilan ishlatilmaydi: We have been discussing since 3 oclock. Biz soat 3 dan buyon bahslashayapmiz.

“For” sozi ish-harakatlarning qancha vaqt davom etish oraligini korsatadi. “For” sozi gapda hour sozi bilan ishlatiladi:

For an hour — bir soatdan buyon.

For a week — bir haftadan buyon.
For two hours — ikki soatdan buyon.
For ages — anchadan buyon.
For a long time — ancha vaqtdan buyon.
4. Biror ish-harakatning qancha vaqtdan buyon davom etayotganligini sorash uchun soroq gaplarning oldidan “How long?” — “Qancha vaqtdan buyon” soroq sozi ishlatiladi: She has been watching TV since morning. U ertalabdan buyon TV tomosha qilyapti.
Has she been watching TV since morning? U ertalabdan buyon TV tomosha qilyapti.
How long has she been watching TV since morning? U qancha vaqtdan buyon TV tomosha qilyapti?
Lekin: “How long is it since” — “qancha vaqt boldi” birikmasidan keyin Bu zamon ishlatilmaydi, balki otgan zamon ishlatiladi. Chunki qoidaga kora “since” sozining orqasidan otgan zamon, oldidan esa Perfect (tugallangan) zamon ishlatiladi: How long is it since you drove a car? Mashina haydaganingizga qancha vaqt boldi?
5. Ushbu zamondagigaplarda “all day — kuni bilan, all morning — sahar boyi, all night — tuni bilan, all week — butun bir hafta, all my life — hayotim davomida” kabi payt ravishlari ham ishlatiladi. Bunda “all” sozi “for” predlogi bilan ishlatilmaydi: He has been listening to music all day. U kuni bilan musiqa tinglayapti.
6. Davomli zamonda ishlatilmaydigan fellar bilan ifodalangan ancha vaqtdan buyon davom etayotgan ish-harakat va holatlarni biz Present Perfect zamonida ifodalaymiz:
I have known her for ten years. Men uni 10 yildan buyon bilaman. She has been ill for three years. U 3 yildan buyon kasal.