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![](/i/favi32.png) Ifac papersOnLine 52-25 (2019) 148-153 ScienceDirectparticipated, they felt the need to talk and discuss in generic1- participated, they felt the need to talk and discuss in generic
terms only. In such a situation a research approach such as
action research was inappropriate. With these issues in mind,
this study adopted a case study approach.
2.1 Case Study Selection: House of the Oireachtas (Irish
Parliament) Inquiry into the Irish Banking Crisis.
A single case study based on the Irish banking inquiry was
selected, the context of the crisis, banking systems and
practices, regulatory and supervisory systems and finally crisis
management systems and policy responses were the focus of
the parliamentary inquiry. The Oireachtas (Irish Parliament)
was being undertaken and it was felt it provided an opportunity
to study a detailed case of systemic risk management within an
Irish Context.
The data for this study is readily available at
https://inquiries.oireachtas.ie/banking/
It comprises transcripts of 131 public hearings (average
hearing 3 hours long), 219 documents and evidence (131
public statements, 42 non appearing witness statements, 31
clarification statements and 15 institutions that provided
documents). The researcher used the testimony (specifically in
this case Bank of Ireland testimony) and written submissions
from the Irish Banking Inquiry. The study used nVivo to
process the transcripts and develop the coding scheme.
3. SYSTEMIC RISK KNOWLEDGE FOR BANKING
FRAMEWORK
This section describes the deliberations on the findings
outlined in the Organ and Stapleton (2018) paper, a revised
theory in the form of a theoretical framework see figure 1., is
synthesised and presented.
Figure 1. Systemic Risk Knowledge for Banking Framework
Part One
3.1 Reductionism
Risk management is an issue that has been left to an
organisation’s technology department
(Westerman and
Hunter, 2007). Therefore, systems developers have tended to
reduce the importance of the business implications of their
technical decisions. System development activities and those
of risk management have not been integrated but are
undertaken independently of each other (Kutsch et al., 2013;
Ardalan, 2011). Risk-based research is complex, multifaceted
and researchers have tended to reduce this complexity by
focusing on specific areas such as security or project
management. The diversity of risk causality hasn’t been
acknowledged in the ways risk is framed, studied or managed.
This reductionist emphasis in risk management can be seen in
the risk methodologies namely, techniques dependent on an
accepted definition and measure of risk, lists of ideal
protections that ignore the unique characteristics of an
organisation or techniques that put social systems secondary to
technical requirements (Lane et al., 2012; Jones and Ashenden,
2005). Traditional systemic approaches to risk are criticised
for being reductionist, too narrow to develop the perspectives
and are not the instruments necessary to see risk in a 360-
degree way (Coles-Kemp, 2009).
Testimony describes how banks thought risk could be
addressed through a set of controllable functions including
management and organisational processes and other systems.
This narrow reliance on specific controllable functions to
address risk resulted in weak governance and poor risk
management. Testimony described the effect of this
ineffective use of controllable functions in banking
“across
the banking sector, there was weak governance and risk
management
–
sometimes disastrously weak. Within the banks,
internal procedures were often overridden, sometimes
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