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IEC 60904-9:2020 © IEC 2020
c) the necessary controls to operate the simulator. If the system is used for maximum power determination of PV
modules, the I-V data acquisition system shall be additionally regarded as integral part. Solar simulators shall
be labelled by their mode of operation during a test cycle. These are steady state, single pulse, and
multi-
pulse.
Note 2 to entry: Various types of solar simulators are commonly used to determine the current-voltage (I-V)
characteristics of PV devices as defined in IEC 60904-1. Generally, these work as single lamp systems where the
PV device is placed in the designated test area or multiple lamp systems, which are based
on the superposition of
light cones. Examples include:
a) Pulsed single lamp or multilamp solar simulator operated in a dark room with typically several metres distance
between light source(s) and PV device. Internal reflections from walls may be suppressed by use of baffles.
b) Pulsed solar simulator operated in a casing or in tabletop configuration with typically less than 1 m distance
between light source(s) and PV device. Diffuser plates and reflectors may be used to achieve the specified
spatial uniformity of irradiance.
c) Steady state single lamp or multilamp solar simulator operated in a dark room with
typically several metres
distance between light source(s) and PV device. Internal reflections from walls may be suppressed by use of
baffles.
d) LED based multilamp solar simulator operated with typically less than 1 m distance between light source(s)
and PV device.
Note 3 to entry: Pulsed solar simulators can be further subdivided into long pulse systems acquiring the total I-V
characteristic or a section of the I-V characteristic during one flash and systems acquiring one
I-V data point per
flash. Several lamp types may be used in a multilamp solar simulator. These instruments are spectrally tuneable
instruments, which work with superposition of different spectral irradiances, emitted from various lamp types. If
available, in addition to the rating, the reported test data should be referred to for evaluation of the applicability of
the solar simulator for a specific use or testing purposes.
Note 4 to entry: Multilamp systems can be further subdivided
into systems, where each lamp irradiates the total
test area, and systems, where a single lamp just irradiates a part of the test area.
Besides the light source, the lamp
power supply and the optics, also the I-V data acquisition, the electronic load
and the operating software may be an integral part of the solar simulator. Requirements for the related
measurement technique are included in other parts of the IEC 60904 series.
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