Introduction actuality of the research paper

1.2 The Category of Modality
As already noted, the category of modality Musayeva G.F. is differentiated in two types: objective and subjective. The objective modality is a required feature of any statements, one of the categories that form a predicate-unit proposal. This type of modality expressed attitude reported to reality in terms of reality (implementation or feasibility). The objective modality organically linked to the category of time and differentiated on the basis of a temporary certainty-uncertainty.
The value of time and reality-unreality merged; the complex of these values is called objective-modal values.⁹
Subjective modality - This is the speaker's attitude to reported. Unlike the objective modality it is an optional feature. The semantic scope of subjective modality is much wider at semantic level than objective modality. Semantic foundations of subjective notion of evaluation forms modality in the broad sense, including not only the logical (intellectual, rational) qualification being reported, but also different kinds of emotional (irrational) reaction. The evaluation characteristic values are values that combine the expression of subjective attitude to reported that its characteristic which can be subjective.
The Modalities include :
· contrasting statements by the nature of their communicative;
· gradation of values in the range "reality-unreality";
· varying degrees of confidence speaking in confidence emerging in his thoughts on the validity of;
· various modifications between subject and predicate.
It is important to note that the modality is the grammatical, lexical, at intonational level, in areas of expression in General, and has various modes of expression, it is expressed in various grammatical and lexical means: special forms inclinations; Modal verbs (e.g., can, should the Russians:; in English: must, can); other modal words (for example, the Russians: it seems, perhaps; English: perhaps, likely); intonational means. Different languages grammatically different express different meanings of modality. So, the English language expresses the value of the unreality method using a special inclination of Subjunctive II; for example: If you had come in time, we should have been able to catch the train.
V.V. Vinogradov, in his study of "Russian grammar "was the notion that the sentence to reflect the reality of its practical public awareness, is attitude to reality, so the sentence with the diversity of its type is closely related to the category of modality. Each proposal includes, as an essential a constructive sign, the modal value, that, contains a reference to the relation to reality. He was of the opinion that the category of modality is one of the major, Central language categories in various forms are seen in the languages of the different systems. V.V. Vinogradov also pointed out that the content of the categories of modality and its form of discovery is historically volatile. The semantic category of modality in the languages of the different systems has mixed the Lexico-grammatical in nature. In the languages of the system it covers the entire fabric of speech. In the definition of the O.s. Ahmanovoy states that modality can have several meanings, one of which is reliability.¹⁰
Sentences differ in purpose, emotional colouring, as well as on the degree of the truth or falsity of the information enclosed is for reliability.¹¹ In contrast, declarative and interrogative sentences, which are differentiated by the subjective modalities, incentive deal with verb-framed in the imperative tense do not vary in the degree of reliability of transmitted content. In this sentence the word is not a confidence, and the intensity of motivation: “Perhaps do it together.” So we have three similar structures, three levels, each of which has its own falsehood truth and its uncertainty. Level of categorical statements decreases as we move from knowledge to belief, and then to the area of uncertainty.¹²
So, we can conclude, on the basis of the research into this problem, that in any section of the speech it can be observed using a variety of modalities. The differences in ways of expressing this category relate in part to internal differences within its sintaksiko-semantic features in its functional-semantic substance. Facts and their relationship, as the content of speech, can be conceived as reality and validity of speaking as an opportunity or desirability, as imperative or need. The problem of description of modal words that express evaluation of reliability of statements repeatedly attract the attention of researchers. The author creates any work (art, nonfiction), using the personal vision of the world, the diversity of their language and culture, to produce the impact on the reader.
As in the term paper we consider such means of expression of reliability reported as modal verbs. Further it is necessary to give their characteristic.
A Modal word in a dictionary of linguistic terms (1969) as "the word has lost its specific lexical meaning and functioning as a means of descriptive expression of modality" . Belyaeva M.A. English grammar gives the following definition: "modal words are words which express the subjective attitude of the speaker to the thoughts expressed in the sentence". ¹³Modal words are a part of speech to which the immutable words, expressing the subjective attitude of the speaker to the expressed thoughts. As to the form the modal words do not form a common external trait. However, two other feature-semantic and syntactic is presented clearly enough, that makes many linguists talk about modal words, as of a separate part of speech. Semantic feature of modal words is their subjective attitudes towards value creation from the point of view of their validity, the duration thereof or desirability. On the meaning modal words differ significantly from other major parts of speech with nominative function;
The syntactic function of modal words-function input member listings, or, much less often, word-suggestions.
Modal words can function as the word-proposals, similar to the words of affirmation and negation proposals-Yes and No. However, the words Yes and No-never change their status, whereas the modal words can be words, sentences (in dialogue) or be the introductory words in the sentence. Professor L.S. Barhudarov states that in the modal expression always play a role in induction of members. L.S. Barhudarov also gives the definition of modal words as words, have reported that the characteristics of the entire value in terms of its probability, capability, links with other facts, events, etc. In addition, Professor Barhudarov noted that not every word that serves as an introductory offer, the member belongs to the class of modal words. Modal words are special part of speech, and the induction of members may make and other parts of speech and word combination: adverbs, preposition, infinitive design, etc. These words are characterized by their immutability and combination with other words.
In modern English the modal words include the following words:
Certainly, of course, no doubt, surely, apparently, assuredly, undoubtedly, indeed, evidently, naturally, obviously, really, actually, perhaps, maybe, probably, possibly, happily - unhappily, luckily - unluckily, fortunately- unfortunately.¹⁴
The modal words can be subdivided according to their subjective by relation to the facts of reality into:¹⁵
1) words expressing approval;
2) words that express assumption;
3) words expressing a subjective rating of the content of the remarks from the point of view of the desirability or otherwise of.¹⁶
Modal words have assumptions, doubt, likelihood, confidence speaking in the thought expressed in the sentence. Modal words serve as an introductory membership offer and generally refer to the proposal as a whole. Some modal words (for example, of course, certainly, no doubt, perhaps, etc.) can perform the function of Word-sentence» . Consider the following example:
· Pickering: He taught you to speak. I couldn't have done that.
Modal words are words by which the speaker evaluates the expression as a whole or its separate parts from the point of view of their relationship to the objective reality. For example: it's true, the bone's eating sea ghoul ; Circumstances, it is true you separated?
In these examples, the word, true, is a modal Word. It expresses the speaker's relationship to the content of the speech as perceived opportunities, in the first sentence the modal Word emphasizes the speaker's relationship to the content of the speech, and the second refers to one of the components of the speech to be. Having considered the data definition of modal words, we can say that the modal words occupy a special place in the system of parts of speech. Their total value is associated with the expression of a modality that is reported to the reality of the relationship that is established a talking person. Most modal words in the English language of adverbs and coincides with the image with the adverb suffix -ly, for modal words often are close to adverbs and particles, so the distinction between the first and last is sometimes difficult.
For example: Our Success really (particle) small.
I listened: really (modal Word), it was the voice.
On the value modal words can be divided into two groups: 1. Modal words with positive value, expressing the logical evaluation of the speech, the speaker's belief in the reality of the absolute authenticity of messages: definitely, true, really, of course, no doubt, of course, etc.
For Example : Two by two, of course, four.
One day, undoubtedly, this Lake will dry up.
To this group belong the phraseological combinations: in fact, it goes without saying, etc.
2. Modal words with the alleged value of expressing possibility, problematical validity (assumption, the probability of admission, doubt): likely, possible, likely, it seems, probably, etc.¹⁷
For Example: It seemed to me that he probably looked a long time at the door before you enter Eighty-year-old poetess, perhaps, came to this thought through experience gained in the course of her life. A sense of melancholy, probably, is inherent in every. This includes a combination of "maybe", "should", "probably" etc. Modal words differ from significant, to whom they are related by descent, the absence of nominative function. Modal words are not the names of objects, signs or processes, identified significant words; they have no words, grammatical constituent sentence and are not members of the sentences. Once an isolated in the sentence, the words are the modal lexicalisation. Lose not only the variability, but morphological dividedness. So, the combination of "maybe" by getting the value of modal words, often loses the second word (be), and the inflection-em in the word "may" lose the inherent value. It is known that in English, the words express the relationship of the author modal to your statement, indicating confidence, doubt, suggested a positive or negative assessment of what is said in the sentence. Modal words can be simple (sure, perhaps), derivative (surely, naturally, really) and composite (maybe, to be sure).
The most common modal words include:¹⁸
· the modal words expressing doubt and the assumption, uncertainty in reliability of the reported : maybe, perhaps, probably;
· the modal words expressing approval or disapproval : fortunately, unfortunately, luckily, unluckily, happily, unhappily;
· the modal words expressing strengthening: really;
· the modal words expressing confidence, reliability of the reported: course, sure, surely, to be sure, sure enough, evidently, obviously, no doubt, naturally, really.
Let's review the examples:
1. Perhaps, you're right. - Balki, siz haqsiz.
2. Unfortunately, the weather was bad. - Afsuski, ob-havo yomon edi.
3. I really don't know what's to be done. - Men, albatta, nima qilish kerakligini bilmayman¹⁹
4. Maybe Mary is ill. - - Ehtimol, Meri kasal..
5. No doubt he will come later. - Shubhasiz, u keyinroq keladi.
6. Of course I understand it. -  Albatta tushunaman..
Characteristics of modal words of the syntax are as follows:
1) the use in value of the word-sentence, more often in the dialogical speech: Can I borrow your pen? - Of course. - Можно я одолжу у вас ручку? -Конечно. 
2) the use as a parenthesis: You to me, of course, do not have any business 
3) the use as affirmative words in the value close to modal particles and adverbs; Certainly, the poet is talented ("certainly" approaches with a modal particle yes). - The poet is certainly talented (certainly - an attributive adverb). - The poet is certainly talented (certainly - the modal word as introduction). As said above, modal words in sentence function induction of members. But note that if all the modal Word can serve as an introductory Word, not every introduction is modal. According to it a modal does not include:
· introductory words, expressing the emotional evaluation of messages (Fortunately, unfortunately, to surprise, to the chagrin of);
· introductory words expressing someone's speech (say, rumored to be);
· introductory words, indicating the sequence of thoughts (first, last, therefore, so, etc.).
As we have already pointed out, the category of modal words usually include indicators expressing a high level of confidence, some researchers called their performance "a categorical reliability " (undoubtedly, certainly, undoubtedly, for certain, by all means, of course, certainly, naturally, really, etc.), The indicators of uncertainty entering assumptions (probably, truly, probably it seems, obviously, probably, apparently, it is visible, apparently, most likely, apparently, perhaps, it seems as if, seemingly, most likely, it has to be, maybe, possible, hardly, in my opinion, and so forth.). Among the words entering value of the assumption, doubt indicators sometimes are separately considered (unlikely, hardly Some authors instead of category of the assumption enter category of opportunity (can be, probably, it is probable and so forth).
In conclusion of this point follows, that modal means in speech realization play very essential role.In researches of a number of linguists, psycholinguists, psychologists the aspiration to present modal means in the classified look is observed: in the generalized schemes, tables, classifications; they are considered generally as the introduction element, the isolated particles, words and phrases.²⁰