was living where at what particular time, and a lot of other things,
but the path to my second computer was something that's hard to
forget.
I had some Christmas-and-birthday money stashed away
(because I was born on December 28th, the two occasions are sort
of melded together). I also earned some money one summer work
ing on the clean-up crew in Helsinki's parks. Many of the parks in
Helsinki aren't landscaped and well-maintained, but are more like
recreational or green areas that are overgrown forests. What we had
to do was saw off overgrown bushes or pick up dead branches-it
was even interesting. I've always liked the outdoors. I also had a
newspaper route, too, at one point-except that it wasn't newspa
pers, it was junk mail. Actually, I wasn't really into summer jobs,
come to think of it. But I did them in those days. On the whole, I
probably got more money from school stipends.
In Finland, it's relatively common for people to give endow
ments to schools, even the public elementary schools. So, starting
in fourth grade, money gets distributed to students based on what
ever the person setting up the fund had in mind. I remember one of
the endowments in my school went to the best-liked kid in class.
This was in sixth grade and we actually voted within the class on
who should get the money. It wasn't me who won, I might add.
The bounty amounted to only about 200 Finnmarks, which was
maybe forty dollars, at the time, but it seemed like a lot of money
to give a sixth grader just for being popular.
Quite often the money went to the best person in a particu
lar subject or sport. And a lot of the awards were school-specific or
funded through the government. In some cases, the funds dwin
dled over time. I remember one that amounted to about a penny in
value. When that was the situation, the school would chip in to
make it somewhat more useful, but it still was a fairly small sum of
money; more than anything else, this was a way of maintaining the
tradition of giving out money every year. Finland takes its aca
demic traditions seriously, which is a good thing.
So I would receive these stipends every year for being the
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Math Guy. By high school the awards got bigger. The biggest ones
were on the order of $ 5 00. So that's where most of the money for my
second computer came from; my weekly allowance wouldn't have
paid for a computer. I also borrowed some money from my dad.
It was 1 986 or 1 987. I was sixteen or seventeen. My basket
ball years were behind me. I spent an inordinate amount of time
researching the field before deciding which computer to buy. PCs
weren't very good back then, so when I fantasized about my new
machine I knew it wasn't going to be a PC.
I opted for a Sinclair QL, which many of you are probably
too young to remember. Here's the history. The Sinclair was one of
the first 32-bit machines on the market for home use. Sir Clive Sin
clair, the founder of the company, was the Steve Wosniak of
Britain. He made these computer kits that were sold as Timex
computers in the United States. That's right, the same company
that made Timex watches imported the Sinclair computer stuff and
sold it here under the Timex name. The early ones were sold as kits
before he started selling ready-made computers.
The Sinclair had this operating system called Q-DOS. I
knew it by heart back then. It was written especially for that par
ticular computer. It had quite an advanced Basic for the time, and
fairly good graphics. One of the things that excited me the most
about the operating system was that it was multitasking: You
could run multiple programs at once. However, the Basic part
wasn't multitasking, so you couldn't run more than one Basic pro
gram at once. But if you wrote your own programs in assembly lan
guage, you could let the operating system schedule them and time
slice it so you could run many of them at the same time.
The computer contained the 8-megahertz 68008 chip,
which was the second and cheaper version of Motorola's 68000
chip. Internally, the first generation of 68000 chips were 32-bit,
but externally had a 1 6-bit interface to anything outside the CPU
(central processing unit)-such as memory or hardware add-ons.
Because it could only load 1 6 bits at a time from memory, 1 6-bit
operations were often quicker than the 32-bit operations. The
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architecture was hugely popular and it still exists today in a lot of
embedded devices or cars. It's not the same chip, but it's based on
the same architecture.
The 68008 chip, the version in my computer, used 8 bits,
not 16 bits, for its interface with the world outside the CPU. But
even though it interacted with the outside world at 8 bits at a
time, internally it was 3 2 bits. That made it more pleasant to pro
gram
m
many ways.
It had 1 28 kilobytes of memory-not megabytes-which
was huge at the time for a home machine. The VIC-20 it replaced
had only 3 Y2 kilobytes of memory. And because it was a 3 2-bit
machine it could access all the memory with no problem at all,
which was unheard of back then. That was the main reason I
wanted to buy the computer. The technology was interesting and I
loved the CPU.
I was hoping to get the computer at a discount by buying it
at a store where a friend knew the owners. But it would have taken
so long for the computer to arrive that I just shlogged down to
Akademiska Bokhandeln, the largest bookstore in Helsinki, which
had a computer section. I just bought it from them over the
counter.
The computer cost nearly $2 ,000. There used to be this rule
that entry-level computers were always $2 ,000. It's only in the last
couple of years that this has changed. Now you can buy a new PC
for $ 5 00. It's like cars. Nobody makes cars for under $ 1 0,000. At
some point, it's not worth it anymore. Sure, companies can build a
car that can be sold for $7 ,000, but the automakers reason that
people who could afford $7 ,000 for a car are happier buying one for
$ 1 0,000 that has extra stuff, like air conditioning, as standard
equipment. If you compare entry-level cars this year with entry
level cars from fifteen years ago, they cost about the same. In fact,
adjusted for inflation they might cost slightly less. But they're a lot
better.
That's how it used to be with computers. When computers
were not something that everybody bought, there was a pain
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