Mamun -university roman -german philology english department

Glossary
Productive, receptive skills - language skills are often divided into 2 groups: receptive, which are listening and reading and productive, which are speaking and writing ;
Communication - exchanging of information by speaking, writing, or using some other skills;
Learning - the activity or process of gaining knowledge or skill by studying, practising, being taught;
Teaching - to cause or help a person to learn how to do something by giving lessons;
Interaction - reciprocal action or influence ;
Inhibition – fear of making mistakes, losing face, criticism; shyness;
nothing to say – learners have problems with finding motives to speak,
formulating opinions or relevant comments;
to develop automaticity – to become effective as a speaker, the learner
needs to achieve a degree of ease and a natural level of speed and rhythm,
frequent speaking practice is the only way of acquiring such fluency.


List of used literature
1 Marcella Frank, Modern English a Practical Reference Guide, (US: New York
University, 1972), P. 164
2. Zhalolov J. Methods of teaching foreign languages. Tashkent, Ukituvchi, 1996
3. Azizkhodjaeva N. N. Educational Technologies and Pedagogical Skills,Tashkent, 2003.
4. Ausubel, David. P. (1968). Educational Psychology: A Cognitive View. New York: Holt. Rinehart and Winston. Inc.
5. Blažek, Václav (2001) Indo-European Prepositions and Related Words: Internal Analysis and External Comparison. In: Linguistica Brunensia: Sborník Prací Filosofické Fakulty Brněnské University, A: Řada Jazykovědná/Series Linguistica, Vol. 49, pp. 15-43
6. Bullokar, William (1586) Bref Grammar for English. London: Edmund Bollifant.
7. Bland K. S. (2004). Grammar Sense. Oxford University Press, USA.
8. Biber, D., Conrad, S., & Roppen, R. (1998). Corpus Linguistics: Investingating Language Structure and Use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
9. Boers, F. (1996). Spatial Prepositions and Metaphor: A cognitive semantic journey along the up-down and the front-back dimension. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag.
10. Boers, F. and M. Demecheleer. 1998. A cognitive semantic approach to teaching Prepositions. ELT Journal, 52, 3, 197-204.
11. Cobbett, William (1983) A Grammar of the English Language. The 1818 New York first edition with passages added in 1819, 1820, and 1823. Amsterdam: Rodopi
12. Clark, E. (1973). Nonlinguistic strategies in the acquisition of word meanings. Cognition, 2, 161-182.
13. Celce-Murcia, M. & Larsen-Freeman, D. (1999) The Grammar Book: An ESL/EFL Teacher’s Course (2nd edition).USA: Heinle & Heinle Publishers.
14. Chomsky, N. (1975). Reflections on language. New York: Pantheon.
15. Dewell, R. (1994). Over again: image-schema transformations in semantic analysis. Cognitive Linguistics, 5(4), 351-380
16. Evans, V. (2007a). A Glossary of Cognitive Linguistics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
17. Gardner, D., & Davies, M. (2007). Pointing out Frequent Phrasal Verbs: A Corpus-Based Analysis. TESOL quarterly, 41(2), 339-359.
18. Geeraerts, D. (2007). Where does prototypicality come from? In V. Evans, B. Bergen & J. Zinken (Eds.), The Cognitive Linguistics Reader (pp. 168-185). London/Oakville: Equinox Publishing Ltd.
19. F. Gabdulxanov. Prospects in Development of The Methodology in Teaching Foreign Languages in Uzbekistan 2013
20. Gazdar, Gerald, Klein, E., Pullum, G., Sag, Ivan (1985) Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar. Oxford: Blackwell.
21. Jackendoff, R. (1983). Semantics and cognition Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
22. Krashen, S. D. (1981). Second Language Acquisition and Second Language Learning Oxford: Oxford University Press
23. Lakoff, George. 1993. “Contemporary theory of metaphor.” In Metaphor and Thought, 2nd edition, Andrew Ortony (ed), 202–251.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
24. Langacker, R. W. (1987). Foundations of Cognitive Grammar, i, Theoretical Prerequisites. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
25. Leech, Geoffrey, Paul Rayson and Andrew Wilson (2001) Word Frequencies in Written and Spoken English based on the British National Corpus. London: Longman
26. Levinson, S. C., & Wilkins, D. P. (Eds.). (2006). Grammar of Space: explorations of cognitive diversity. Cambridge, New York Cambridge University Press.
27. Lindstromberg, Seth. 1996. “Prepositions: meaning and method.” English Language Teaching Journal 50, (3): 225–236.
28. Lindstromberg, Seth,1998. English prepositions explained, UK.
29. Lorincz, K. and Gordon, R.(2012) ‘Difficulties in learning Prepositions and Possible Solutions’. Linguistics Potfolio.1, p.14
30. Muller, C.M. (2011) ‘English Learners’ knowledge of prepositions: Collocational Knowledge or knowledge based on meaning’ System: an international Journal of Educational technology and applied Linguistics. 39 (4), p 480-490
31. John Peck, Martin Coyle. A brief history of English literature.Palgrave, 2002.
32. Thornley G.C. An outline of English literature.Longman, 2003.
33. БақоеваМ, МуратоваЭ, ОчиловаМ., English literature. Т. : 2006
34. Liliana Sikorska. An outline history of English literature. 2003, 529p
35. Oxford companion to English literature. Margaret Drabble. Oxford University press.2000.
36. Г.В.Аникин, Н.П. Михальская История Английской литературы М.1985 й.
37. Ф. БойназаровЖаҳонадабиёти Т. 2006 й.
38. Ш. Норматова. Жаҳонадабиёти Т. 2008 й.

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