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II International Congress 369 qazdan məhrum olmuşdur, Azərbaycan köməyi- mizə gəldi- ... bizə öz yardım əlini uzatdı, Gür- cüstanı enerji ilə təmin etdi. Biz bunu heç vaxt yaddan çıxartmıyacağıq”. Azərbaycan üçün BTQ dəmir yolu xətti daşı- nacaq yüklərdən daha çox siyasi yükünə görə mühüm əhəmiyyət kəsb edir. Gələcəkdə Qarsdan Naxçıvana dəmir yolu çəkməklə, onu Ermənis- tanın blokadasından azad etmək olar. Analitiklərin qeyd etdiyi kimi: “Bu layihə öz əhəmiyyətinə görə birincisi transkontinental sə- viyyə daşıyır, ikincisi isə yerli əhəmiyyətə ma- likdir”. Strateji tərəfdaşlığın nəticəsi kimi reallığa çevrilmiş bu layihə bütövlükdə regionun tranzit- kommunikasiya əhəmiyyətini artırmaqla yanaşı subregional inteqrasiyasını, sülhü və sabitliyi, nəq- liyyat təhlükəsizliyini möhkəmləndirəcək, Azər- baycan üçün həm ixracatçı, həm də tranzit ərazi olması baxımından çox böyük iqtisadi əhəmiyyət kəsb edəcəkdir. 370 A LINE WITH RESPONSIBILITIES “Analysis of the Regional Sustainability Development Program of British Petroleum in the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline” 1 Deniz TURA dtura@post.harvard.edu ABSTRACT In 2003, British Petroleum (BP), an energy company, started a two year social investment program with twenty five million dollars in four hundred fifty communities located in three different countries. A unique component to the project lies in the role of BP serving as a facilitator for a major energy resource project along with creating a social investment program. BP had previous smaller scale social investment projects but this one is differentiated by its size, scale and brand identity. The program is also not like the traditional voluntary contribution or one-off sponsorships. The program requires new management capabilities and resources that international development agencies, national governments and non profit organizations can offer. In order to conduct the program, BP engages itself with new organizations and develops new relationships. Together with these new partners, widely ranged projects are implemented. Two years later, the program is completed and future social investment programs are set into motion. The objective of this paper is to describe the Regional Sustainable Development Program of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline implemented by an energy company with unusual partners and to discuss its impact on the stakeholders of the project. The background information about the project complements the three week research conducted in Azerbaijan and Turkey while providing details about the development projects and partners. The discussion portion analyzes the implications of the projects and the relationship between the parties. Finally, the conclusion will summarize the multidimensional business problem. 1 This paper is submitted for the Second International Congress on the “Caucasus and Central Asia in the Globalization Process” prepared by the Qafqaz University, Azerbaijan. It is based on the dissertation that I completed as part of my Master of Business and Administration studies at the University of London, Royal Holloway in September 2005. It is an independent and self-funded research conducted during the three weeks trip to Azerbaijan and Turkey and includes data from more than sixty five face to face interviews with the stakeholders of the project. II International Congress 371 Introduction The Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline is 1,760 km long and starts in Azerbaijan, passes through Georgia ending up in Turkey. It is composed of an international consortium of eleven companies from eight different countries. BTC Company (BTC Co.) is responsible for the management of the pipeline with the leadership of British Petroleum (BP). BP is the largest stakeholder and it is responsible for the design and construction phases. It is the longest pipeline sponsored and operated by BP and its budget exceeds $3.6 billion. The organizations which financed BTC are compromised of a group of financial institutions including International Finance Corporation (IFC) and the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development’s (EBRD). From its beginning, BTC has been a controversial project with national and regional level implications. After the completion, the oil from the Caspian Sea from Azerbaijan will be transported to the Turkish Mediterranean Coast and the pipeline has the potential to become a transit corridor between Europe and Central Asia. However, many international and national groups have strong opposition to the construction and route of the pipeline as well as to BP regarding the economic, social and environmental impact of its operations. The relationship of BP with its stakeholders and their activities along the pipeline are complex and multi-layered in three countries with different social, economic and political characteristics. Table 1: The Route of BTC Pipeline 1 Regional Sustainable Development Program The introduction provided an overview of the BTC pipeline. This chapter will focus in detail on the two social investment projects and the stake- holders of the projects in Regional Sustainable Development Program (RSDP). RSDP manages 1 Source: www.caspiandevelopmentandexport.com the Regional Development Initiative (RDI), Com- munity Investment Program (CIP). The CIPs started in 2003 with the construction but RDI is currently at the initial stage. CIP and RDI are two separate programs with clear strategic goals and there are no overlapping activities between the two programs. Community Investment Program CIP is not the traditional voluntary contribu- tion. It is considered as an investment by BP and social and economic return is expected. CIPs are community driven and are based on education and capacity building. Around eight million dollars for each country is allocated for a period of two years to implement the program for the communities living along the pipeline. Analysis I: Azerbaijan In Azerbaijan, the development partners are International Medical Corporation (IMC), Interna- tional Rescue Committee (IRC), Save the Children and FINCA which are all United States based NGOs with Azerbaijani experience. The main goal of CIPs in Azerbaijan is community mobilization and capacity building. International NGOs International Rescue Committee (IRC) was founded in 1933 and operates in twenty five countries where they serve refugees and commu- nities by providing assistance in emergency relief, protection of human rights, post conflict develop- ment, resettlement assistance and advocacy. For BTC, IRC is working with three national NGO to deliver social investment programs for thirty three communities. The micro projects implemented by IRC range from installation of water pumps to fencing the school yard. International Medical Corps (IMC) founded in 1984 by a group of American physicians provides assistance in more than twenty countries. For BTC, their first project was the vision project which provided free eye examination, treatment and surgeries to the communities along the pipeline. Another program was the rural inclusive education program to integrate children with disabilities into daily life and the HIV/AIDS prevention program. The third program is the “Emergency Medicine Development Initiative” that provides training for emergency medicine doctors and nurses, and also medical equipment and supplies. Open Society Institute (OSI), Assistance Foundation has been operating in Azerbaijan since 1997. The grant making foundation is funded by Yüklə 1,5 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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