149
Muslim)
She also said, “I used to play with dolls in the house of Allâh’s Messenger (s.a.w.s.) and my friends would
come over to play with me. They would hide when they saw Allâh’s Messenger (s.a.w.s.) approaching but in
fact he was very happy to see them with me, so we played together.” (Compiled by al-Bukhâri and Muslim)
Horseback Riding
Allâh Ta‘ala says, And (He created) horses, mules, and donkeys for you to ride and as adornment....(16:8),
and the Prophet (s.a.w.s.) said, “There is blessing in the forelocks of horses.” (Reported by Ahmad.)
He also said, “Practice archery and horseback riding.” (Compiled by Muslim.) And again, Any action without
the remembrance of Allâh is either a diversion or heedlessness excepting four acts: walking from target to
target (during archery practice), training a horse, playing with one’s family, and learning to swim. (Reported
by al-Tabarani on good authority.)
Said ‘Umar, “Teach your children swimming and archery, and tell them to jump on the horse’s back.” Ibn
‘Umar reported that the Prophet (s.a.w.s.) organized horse races and gave a prize to the winner. (Reported
by Ahmad.) All this was done by the Prophet (s.a.w.s.) to encourage competition in sports involving physical
exercise and discipline.
Anas was asked, “Did you bet during the time of the Prophet (s.a.w.s.)? Did the Prophet (s.a.w.s.) bet?”
“Yes,” Anas replied. “By Allâh, he bet on a horse called Subhah. The horse won the race and the Prophet
(s.a.w.s.) was very pleased about it.’‘ (Reported by Ahmad.)
Betting on horses is permissible if the one who is paying the money is not one of the competitors or if it is
paid by one of the competitors; however, if each person bets an amount on the condition that the winner is to
take all, this is gambling and is consequently prohibited. The Prophet (s.a.w.s.) termed racing a horse on
which bets are laid “the horse of Satan” and considered the price of it, its fodder, and riding it as sinful
(Reported by Ahmad.), saying, Horses are of three kinds: the horse of al-Rahman (the Most Merciful, i.e.,
Allâh), the horse of man, and the horse of Satan. As for the horse of the Most Merciful, it is dedicated to
jihad in the cause of Allâh, so feeding it, cleaning its urine and dung, and everything related to it are counted
as good deeds. As for the horse of Satan, it is that on which people bet and gamble. As for the horse of
man, it is that which is for breeding, and it is a protection against poverty. (Compiled by al-Bukhâri and
Muslim.)
Hunting
Hunting is among the beneficial sports which are encouraged by Islâm. It is a sport, an exercise, and also a
means of livelihood, regardless of whether it is done with weapons or with hunting animals such as dogs and
hawks. We have already discussed the Islâmic conditions and rules for hunting in an earlier chapter.
However, Islâm prohibits hunting in two situations. The first is when a person is in the sacred state of
consecration (ihram) for the performance of hajj or ‘umrah, because this is a state of total peace in which
one is not permitted to kill or shed blood, as commanded by Allâh: O you who believe, do not kill game while
you are in ihram.... (5:98(95)...But to hunt on land is forbidden to you as long as you are in ihram.... (5:99(96)
The second situation exists when a person is within the limits of the sacred territory of Makkah. Islâm has
declared this to be a region of peace and security, a sanctuary for every living creature, whether beast, bird,
or plant, since the Prophet (s.a.w.s.) prohibited hunting its game, cutting its trees, or disturbing its airspace.
150
(Compiled by al-Bukhâri and Muslim)
Playing with Dice: Backgammon
Any sort of game played with money which has an element of gambling is haram. The Qur‘ân classifies
gambling in the same category as drinking, idolatry, and divining with arrows. The Prophet (s.a.w.s.) said,
“He who says to his friend, ‘Come, let us gamble,‘ must give charity (sadaqah)” (Compiled by al-Bukhâri
and Muslim), meaning that merely to invite someone to gamble is a sin requiring penance.
Playing backgammon while betting with money is clearly haram Some scholars consider it haram even if no
betting is involved, while others consider it makruh rather than haram. Those who consider it haram base
their judgemeon the hadith transmitted by Baraidah in which the Prophet (s.a.w.s.) said, “He who plays with
dice is like the owho handles the flesh and blood of swine.” (Compiled by Muslim, Ahmad and Abû Daoud.)
The same scholars cite the hadith from Abû Musa al-Ashari in which the Prophet (s.a.w.s.) said, “He who
plays with dice disobeys Allâh and His Messenger.” (Reported by Ahmad, Abû Daoud, Ibn Mâjah, and
Malik in his Al-muwatta.) These two sayings of the Prophet (s.a.w.s.) are clearly applicable to all players of
backgammon, whether they gamble in playing or not.
Al-Shawkani says that Ibn Mughaffal and Ibn al-Musayyib allowed playing with dice if it did not involve
gambling, apparently interpreting the above ahadith to refer to those who played for money.
Playing Chess
Chess is a very popular game, and the opinion of jurists concerning it varies. Some consider it halal, others
makruh, and still others haram. Those who consider it haram cite some ahadith in support of their position,
but researchers have proved that chess did not appear until after the death of the Prophet (s.a.w.s.), thus all
such ahadith must have been fabricated.
The Companions of the Prophet (May Allâh be pleased with them) themselves held differing views about
playing chess. Ibn ‘Umar said that it is worse than backgammon and ‘All regarded it as gambling (perhaps
meaning when it is played for money), while some others merely expressed disapproval of it.
However, some Companions and some of the second generation scholars allowed it. Among these were Ibn
‘Abbas, Abû Hurairah,Ibn Sirin, Hisham bin ‘Umrah, and Sa‘id bin al-Musayyib. We agree with these great
jurists, since the original principle is the permissibility of acts and no text is to be found prohibiting it.
Moreover, in addition to being a game and a recreation, chess is also a mental exercise which requires
thought and planning. In this respect it is the opposite of backgammon, for while backgammon is a game of
chance and therefore comparable to divining with arrows, chess is a game of skill and strategy which may
be compared to archery.
However, playing chess is permissible only if the following three conditions are met:
1.
One should not get so absorbed in it that he delays his salat; chess is well-known to be a stealer of time.
2.
There should be no gambling involved.
3.
The players should not utter obscenities or vulgarities.
If any of these conditions are not met it should be considered as haram.
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