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322
APPENDICES
LINGUISTIC STRUCTURE
670
I)
Ibero-Caucasian Language Group
A) Southern Caucasian Group;
1- Kartvelian (Georgian),
2- Mingrelian,
3- Svanetian,
4- Laz.
B) Northwest Caucasian Group;
1- Abkhaz,
a) Abkhaz,
b) Abaza,
c) Ubykh.
2- Circassian (Adyghabze),
a) Eastern (Kabardinian),
i- Kabardin
(Baksan),
ii- Bes(le)ney.
b) Western (Adyge),
i- Bzhedug,
ii- Shapsug,
iii- Abadzekh,
iv- Temirgoy.
C) Northeast Caucasian Group;
1- Vaynakh,
a) Ingush,
b) Chechen,
c) Batsbi.
2- Avaro-Andi-Dido Group,
a) Avar,
b) Andi,
i- Andi,
ii- Botlikh,
iii- Akhvakh,
iv- Godoberi,
v- Bagulal,
vi- Tindi,
vii- Chamalal,
viii- Karata.
c) Dido,
i- Dido,
ii- Khvarshi,
670
Ronald Wixman, pp. 87-88. Hewitt, CAS, 1999, 18 (4). Bennigsen-Wimbush, Muslims of the
Soviet Empire.
323
iii- Bezheta,
iv- Khunzal,
v- Ginukh.
d) Archi.
3- Lak-Dargin Group,
Dargin (Kaytak, Kubachi) and Lak.
4- Samurian group.
Lezgin, Agul, Rutul, Tsakhur, Tabasaran, Udi,
Shakhdag.
II)
Altaic (Turkic) Language Group;
A) Oghuz group,
1- Azeri,
2- Turkmen.
B) Western Turkic or Kipchak group,
1- Karachay-Balkar,
2- Nogay,
3- Kumyk.
III)
Indo-European Language Group,
A) Iranic group,
1- Eastern Iranian (Osetian),
2- Western Iranian (Tat).
B) Slavic Group (Eastern Slav: Russian and Ukrainian),
Armenian.
324
POPULATION OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS (1897 Russian Census)
671
Language : Population
:
Abkhaz
72,104
Cherkess
46,286
Kabardinian
98,561
Karachay
27,223
Balkar
34,232
Osetian
171,716
Chechen
226,496
Ingush
47,409
Kist
413
Avar
212,692
Dargin
130,209
Lak, Tabasaran, etc.
91,880
Lezgin
159,213
Kumyk
83,408
Nogay
64,080
Udi
7,100
Tat
95,056
671
Source is Ronald Wixman. In the 1897 census data was not presented by nationality, but rather
by declared native language. In this data, the number of Abkhaz population included both Abkhaz
and Abaza, both being considered one people with one language at this time. The Balkars were
referred to as Mountain Tatars (Gorskie Tatary). The Kists were later reclassified as Ingush and the
figure representing Tats included both Tats and Mountain Jews.
325
POPULATION OF NORTH CAUCASIAN PEOPLES (1926, 1959, 1970
AND 1989)
672
Ethnic Group
1926 : 1959
: 1970
: 1989
:
Mingrelians
242,990
--
--
--
Svanetians
13,218
--
--
--
Abkhaz
56,957
65,430
83,097
90,713
Abaza
13,825
19,591
25,448
Circassians
Adyge
65,270
79,631
108,711
124,941
Cherkess
--
30,453
46,470
52,356
Kabardinian
139,925 203,620 321,719 394,691
Karachay
55,123
81,403
131,074
156,140
Balkar
33,307
42,408
66,334
88,771
Osetian 272,272 412,592 541,893 597,802
Ingush
74,097 105,980 186,198 237,577
Chechens
318,522 418,756 785,782 958,309
Avaro-Andi-Dido
197,392 270,394 482,844 604,202
Laks
40,380
63,529
188,804
204,370
Dargins 108,963 158,149 202,297 231,805
Lezgins 134,529 233,129 382,611 466,833
Aguls
7,563
6,709
246,854
280,431
Rutuls
10,495
6,732
71,722
78,196
Tsakhurs
19,085
7,321
11,103
Kumyks
94,549
134,967
188,792
Nogay
36,274
38,583
51,784
Tabasaran
31,983
34,700
55,188
Tats
28,705
11,463
22,441
30,817
Mountain Jews
25,974
25,225
9,389
19,516
Udi
2,455
3,678
5,919
672
The numbers of the 1926 and 1959 censuses were from Wixman, ibid, pp.84-85. The numbers
from the 1979 and 1989 censuses were from Paul B. Henze,
“The Demography of the Caucasus
according to 1989 Soviet Census Data,” Central Asian Survey, Vol.10, no.1/2, pp.147-170. The
figures related with the Chechens, Ingush, Kabardinians, Balkars, Adyge, Karachay and Cherkess
were reflecting populations of the respective nationalities existing within the whole USSR. The
number of the Osetians was controversial because of the dispersed status of the Osetians.
326
SLAVIC POPULATION IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS
Ethnic Unit : 1979
: 1989
: Change:
Chechen-Ingush ASSR
350,346
308,395
-11,8
Dagestan ASSR
197,572
175,424
-11,2
Kabardino-Balkar ASSR
248,492
255,569
2,8
North Ossetian ASSR
213,162
201,026
-5,7
Adyge AO
299,948
310,096
3,4
Karachay-Cherkess AO
171,202
183,550
7,2
TOTALS
1,480,722 1,434,650
-3,2
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