jaba urotaZe
306
lo xelfasis 59%-s, gadasaxadebis gamoklebiT ki 68,2%-s,
5
rac
OECD-is qveynebis saSualo monacemebs (Sesabamisad, 60% da 72%)
odnav Camouvardeba.
evropis komisiis mier 2012 wels Sedgenili daberebis anga-
riSis (Ageing Report) mixedviT poloneTSi, evrokavSiris wevri
qveynebis absoluturi umravlesobisgan gansxvavebiT, sapensio
uzrunvelyofaze gaweuli saxelmwifo danaxarjebi Semcirdeba
11,8%-dan 2010 wels, 9,6%-mde 2060 wels.
6
igive tendencia Sei-
niSneba estoneTSic, romelmac poloneTTan SedarebiT ramdeni-
me wliT gvian aseve ganaxorciela sapensio reforma dagrovebi-
Ti sapensio sistemis danergviT. amis mizezad saxeldeba swored
aRniSnuli sapensio reforma, ris Sedegadac Semcirda saxelmwi-
fos wili da gaizarda kerZo seqtoris roli sapensio sistemaSi,
aseve gaizarda moqalaqeebis pasuxismgebloba sakuTari siberis
uzrunvelyofaze.
axal sapensio sistemaSi gawevrianeba savaldebulo gaxda
mxolod 30 wlamde asakis mosaxleobisTvis, romlebsac, axali
sistemis SemoRebis momentidan, pensiaze gasvlis uflebis dad-
gomis dromde eqnebaT saSualeba daagrovon sakmarisi raodeno-
bis Tanxa, rom SesaZlebloba hqondeT uzrunvelyon Rirseuli
sibere sakuTari TavisTvis.
30-dan 50 wlamde mosaxleobisTvis SedarebiT rTuli iqne-
boda pensiaze gasvlis Semdeg saarsebod sakmarisi raodenobis
Tanxis dagroveba, amitom maT saSualeba miecaT Tavad gaekeTe-
binaT Zvel da axal sapensio sistemas Soris arCevani. 50 wels ze-
moT mosaxleoba ki Zvel sistemaSi darCa, Tumca maT ufleba mie-
caT nebayoflobiT individualur dagrovebiT sapensio sqemeb-
Si mieRoT monawileoba.
5
Pension systems in the EU – contingent liabilities and assets in the public and private sector, IZA
research report, 2011, http://www.iza.org/en/webcontent/publications/reports/report_pdfs/iza_re-
port_42.pdf, p.126
6
European Commission, Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs, The 2012
Ageing Report: Economic and budgetary projections for the EU27 Member States (2010-2060),
2012 http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/publications/european_economy/2012/pdf/ee-2012-
2_en.pdf p.101
saqarTvelos sapensio politika
da alternatiuli modelebi
307
holandiis sapensio sistema
pirveli safexuri warmoadgens saxelmwifo pensias, romlis
gacema xdeba socialuri usafrTxoebis gadasaxadebidan, gadana-
wilebiTi (PAYGO) principis safuZvelze.
saxelmwifo pensiis odenoba damokidebulia samuSao staJze.
sruli moculobiT pensias miiRebs qveynis mcxovrebi, romelic
50 wlis ganmavlobaSi muSaobda/iyo dazRveuli qveyanaSi. muSao-
bis TiToeuli weliwadi Seadgens dadgenili pensiis 2%-s. im pi-
rebs, romlebic 50 weliwadze naklebi xniT iyvnen dazRveulni,
sruli moculobiT pensiis miRebis ufleba umcirdebaT amave
proporciiT.
estoneTisgan gansxvavebiT, pensiis moculoba araa damoki-
debuli muSaobis manZilze gadaxdili socialuri gadasaxadebis
raodenobaze.
pensiis raodenobis indeqsireba xorcieldeba inflaciasTan
mimarTebaSi yovel or weliwadSi erTxel.
isini, vinc ver iReben sruli moculobiT saxelmwifo pensi-
as, ufleba aqvT miiRon damatebiTi socialuri daxmareba, raTa
maTi Semosavali miuaxlovdes sruli moculobis saxelmwifo
pensias.
meore safexuri Sedgeba profesiuli (occupational) sapensio
sqemebisgan da gankuTvnilia sibereSi damatebiTi Semosavlis
uzrunvelsayofad. holandiaSi dasaqmebulTa sasargeblod dam-
saqmeblebis mier sapensio sqemebis Seqmnis didi tradicia arse-
bobs. meore safexurSi gaerTianebulia qveynis momuSave mosax-
leobis 90%-ze meti. masSi monawileoba mxolod maSin SeiZleba
gaxdes savaldebulo, Tu konkretul ekonomikur seqtorSi da-
saqmebulTa 60% moiTxovs amas.
7
dasaqmebulsa da damsaqmebels
Soris gaformebuli xelSekrulebis mixedviT, momuSavis xelfa-
sis nawili ganTavsdeba kompaniis, an mTliani mrewvelobis dar-
gis sapensio fondSi, saidanac xdeba maTi gamoyeneba sainvesti-
cio resursis saxiT. arsebobs specializebuli fondebi calke-
7
Pension systems in the EU – contingent liabilities and assets in the public and private
sector, IZA research report, 2011, http://www.iza.org/en/webcontent/publications/re-
ports/report_pdfs/iza_report_42.pdf, p.106
jaba urotaZe
308
uli profesiebis warmomadgenelTaTvis. fondebSi ganTavsebu-
li Tanxebi ar warmoadgens kompaniebis kapitalis Semadgenel na-
wils da maTi gakotrebis SemTxvevaSi kreditorebi am Tanxebi-
dan ar dakmayofildebian. Senatanebi finansdeba rogorc dasaq-
mebulis, ise umeteswilad damsaqmeblis mier.
garda saxelmwifo da profesiuli sapensio sqemebisa, qveya-
naSi aseve arsebobs kerZo dagrovebiTi sapensio sistema, romel-
sac nebayoflobiTi xasiaTi aqvs nebismieri fizikuri pirisTvis.
masSi gaerTianebulTa did nawils TviTdasaqmebulebi warmoad-
genen, radgan isini ar arian CarTulni profesiul sapensio sqe-
mebSi.
8
Ciles sapensio sistema
1980 wels Ciles mTavrobam SemoiRo axali, savaldebulo
kerZo dagrovebiTi sapensio sistema, romelSic pensiebis rao-
denoba mTlianad aris damokidebuli adamianis mier muSaobis
mTeli periodis ganmavlobaSi sapensio fondSi Setanili Tanxe-
bis odenobaze da sainvesticio mogebaze. am sistemaSi gawevria-
neba aris savaldebulo. damsaqmeblebi sakuTari survilisamebr
irCeven kerZo sapensio fonds, romelTa saqmianobac mkacradaa
regulirebuli saxelmwifos mier, monawileTa uflebebis dac-
vis mizniT.
saxelmwifo asrulebs mxolod Raribi pensionerebis socia-
lur uzrunvelyofas da sTavazobs saxelmwifo pensiebs mxo-
lod imaT, vinc ver SeZlo sapensio fondebSi dadgenili minima-
luri Tanxis dagroveba da minimum 20 wlis ganmavlobaSi cxov-
robdnen qveyanaSi.
savaldebulo sapensio sqema moiTxovs dasaqmebulisgan misi
xelfasis 10%-is gadaricxvas kerZo fondSi. dadgenilia Senata-
nebis maqsimaluri zRvari: Tviuri xelfasis im nawilidan, rome-
lic aRemateba kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvrul Tanxas (saSualo
8
Pension systems in the EU – contingent liabilities and assets in the public and private
sector, IZA research report, 2011, http://www.iza.org/en/webcontent/publications/re-
ports/report_pdfs/iza_report_42.pdf, p.106
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