Ministry of higher and secondary special education of the republic uzbekistan state world languages university

General phonetics
. It studies universal positions of sound articulation (for 
instance, identification of sounds according to the position the differences of labial, 
tongue and throat consonants, according to the ways of articulation of plosive, 
fricative and plosive-fricative features), although, general acoustic features of 
sounds.
Specific phonetics
. It investigates above mentioned issues in the samples of 
certain languages. Specific phonetics researches phonetics in the shapes of 

---

42 
historical and modern, synchronic and diachronic, descriptive and experimental 
sides.
Comparative phonetics
investigates vowel and consonant phonemes, their 
phonetic changes and others in thecomparative aspect of several genetically related 
and non-related languages.
Phonology
(sometimes called phonemics or phonematics) is the study of 
how sounds are used in languages to convey meaning. The term of phonology 
(Greek phone - sound, logos – science) appeared in linguistics in the necessity of 
differentiating functional (linguistic) sides of speech sounds from the 
physiological-acoustic (physic) sides in the end of XIX century. It studies the rules 
governing the structure, distribution, and sequencing of speech sounds and the 
shape of syllables. It deals with the sounds systems of a language by treating 
phoneme as the point of departure. 
With another word, phonetics deals with sounds and phonology deals 
with phonemes. Or else phonology deals with language sounds and phonetics deals 
with human speech sounds. 
Phonetics and phonology have two levels: 
segmental
and 
suprasegmental
. 
Segmental phonology
studies phonemes realized in avarious speech sound. So it 
may be called phonemics.