LIST OF THE KEY WORDS OF UNDERSTANDING THE COURSE OF COMPARATIVE TYPOLOGY OF ENGLISH AND NATIVE LANGUAGES Typology of phonetic and phonological level of English and Native languages 1.
The term
'phonetics' is the greek word ( "phone"-meaning sound, voice and
"tika" - a science/box). It is a science which studies the phonetic substance and the
expression area of the language, or otherwise a physical media of a language
(sounds, syllables, stress, and intonation).
2.
From the acoustic and articulator points of view, the phonemic system of
any language may be divided into
vowels and
consonants .
3.
Segmental phonology studies phonemes realized in avarious speech sound.
Therefore, it may be called phonemics.
4.
Suprasegmental phonology (prosodies) studies the distinctive features
realized in syllables, stress, and intonation.
5.
The Prague linguistic school was the center of
phonological typology in its
time. N.S. Trubetskoy is considered the founder of thetypology of thephonological
system (theory of distinctive features).
6.
Word stress or
accent is usually defined as the degree of force or
prominence with which a sound or syllable is uttered. Languages differ with word
stress placement and degrees of it.
7.
Intonation is a complex unity of speech melody, sentence stress, thetempo
of speech, therhythm of speech, voice tember and pausation that enables the
speaker to express his thoughts, feelings, and emotions.
8.
When phonemes are pronounced in words, they change their place of
articulation or their features, this process is called assimilation.
9.
Dissimilation is the process by which one of two similar or identical sounds
in a word becomes less like the other, such as the / in English
marble (from French
marbre). 10.
Reduction refers to various changes in the acoustic
quality of vowels, which
are related to changes in stress, sonority, duration, loudness, articulation, or
position.
11.
The accent is a relative prominence of a particular syllable of a word by
greater intensity or by variation or modulation of pitch or tone.
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12.
Rhythm is the pattern or flow of sound created by the arrangement of
stressed and unstressed syllables in accentual verse or of long and short syllables in
quantitative verse.