Ministry of higher and secondary special education of the republic uzbekistan state world languages university

LIST OF THE KEY WORDS OF UNDERSTANDING THE COURSE OF 
COMPARATIVE TYPOLOGY OF ENGLISH AND NATIVE LANGUAGES 
 
Typology of phonetic and phonological level of English and Native 
languages 
 
1.
The term 
'phonetics'
is the greek word ( "phone"-meaning sound, voice and 
"tika" - a science/box). It is a science which studies the phonetic substance and the 
expression area of the language, or otherwise a physical media of a language 
(sounds, syllables, stress, and intonation). 
2.
From the acoustic and articulator points of view, the phonemic system of 
any language may be divided into 
vowels
and 
consonants
. 
3.
Segmental phonology
studies phonemes realized in avarious speech sound. 
Therefore, it may be called phonemics. 
4.
Suprasegmental phonology
(prosodies) studies the distinctive features 
realized in syllables, stress, and intonation. 
5.
The Prague linguistic school was the center of 
phonological typology
in its 
time. N.S. Trubetskoy is considered the founder of thetypology of thephonological 
system (theory of distinctive features). 
6.
Word stress
or 
accent
is usually defined as the degree of force or 
prominence with which a sound or syllable is uttered. Languages differ with word 
stress placement and degrees of it. 
7.
Intonation 
is a complex unity of speech melody, sentence stress, thetempo 
of speech, therhythm of speech, voice tember and pausation that enables the 
speaker to express his thoughts, feelings, and emotions. 
8.
When phonemes are pronounced in words, they change their place of 
articulation or their features, this process is called assimilation. 
9.
Dissimilation 
is the process by which one of two similar or identical sounds 
in a word becomes less like the other, such as the / in English 
marble 
(from French 
marbre).
10.
Reduction 
refers to various changes in the acoustic 
quality 
of vowels, which 
are related to changes in stress, sonority, duration, loudness, articulation, or 
position. 
11.
The accent
is a relative prominence of a particular syllable of a word by 
greater intensity or by variation or modulation of pitch or tone. 

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12.
Rhythm 
is the pattern or flow of sound created by the arrangement of 
stressed and unstressed syllables in accentual verse or of long and short syllables in 
quantitative verse.