Nobody knows that Zionism appeared as a Marxist movement, a socialist one Zionism is actually a revolution

Many small churches were converted into public toilets or museums of atheism. Such never happened to a synagogue. Kaganovich also took the opportunity to destroy several medieval forts. Only a sporadic spate of church destruction occurred during Lenin's time. There were certain diligent Russian Bolsheviks who, in their ignorance, also damaged synagogues. They later had to pay dearly for that.

At two o'clock in the morning on the 5th of December 1931, Kaga- novich had the magnificent Christ the Saviour Cathedral blown up. It was built in remembrance of Russia's deliverance from Napoleon in 1812 and was finished in 1883. The cathedral was extremely richly decorated - half a ton of gold, several tons of silver, amethysts, diamonds, emeralds, turquoises, topazes, priceless icons. The chairs were set with jewels. It took 44 years to build the church and it was allowed to exist for only 48

years.

Two German demolition workers refused to destroy the church. They were both executed for their resistance. The Russian engineer Zhevalkin

carried out the demolition. It only took a few months to plunder, tear apart and finally level the cathedral with the ground.

Kaganovich and Stalin had the Jewish architect Boris Yofan design the Palace of the Soviets (or the Kahal Castle), which was to be built where the cathedral had stood. This building was planned to be 415 metres tall and would have amazed the world. (The Empire State Building, which was finished in 1931, was just 381 metres tall.) A 70 metre tall statue of Lenin was to top it.

The plans were never realised, however. The problem with this idea was that the ground in this area, just a stone's throw from the Kremlin, was un-suitable for such a large and heavy building. Nikita Khrushchev instead had a swimming pool built there at the end of the 1950s. In 1993, the leaders of the Russian church decided to rebuild the cathedral.

Lazar Kaganovich was put in charge of the construction of Moscow's underground (metro). He immediately began a brutal slave-labour system, where 70 000 workers were driven to extremes in three shifts. He had the Chekists capture 11-year-old boys and make them work for their lives so that the metro would be finished by the 1st of May 1935, the 159th

anniversary of the Illuminati and the holy Yahweh Day. Kaganovich was knighted Cavalier of the Order of Lenin for the organisation of this pro- ject, in which many workers died. The Russian people, meanwhile, began calling him the "Iron Commissar". The Jewish functionaries called him

the "Great Lazar".

The underground, designed by Alexei Shchussev, was finished in time. Thc first to travel the metro were the Politburo, with the exception of Stalin who was afraid to go so deep underground. His sickness had taken a turn for the worse. The metro was given Kaganovich's name.

After this, in 1935, Lazar Kaganovich was named people's commissary for communications. He immediately claimed that there were enemies of the people camouflaging themselves as railway workers. He demanded

that those should be tracked down and exposed. In the archives, there are 32 letters from Kaganovich to the NKVD containing demands for the

imprisonment of 83 leading functionaries within the transport system. The book "The Wolf of the Kremlin" also relates how Lazar forced his own brother, Mikhail Kaganovich, to commit suicide to avoid a rigged trial, where he was to be accused of spying for the Germans. His brother, as I have mentioned previously, was people's commissary for aviation affairs. Kaganovich later also exterminated other brothers. He declared: "I have only one brother - Stalin!"

Kaganovich was also behind the "five-year plan for atheism", which

began in 1932. He planned to shut the last Russian church in 1936, while God's name was supposed never to be mentioned again in the Soviet Union after 1937. The "five year plan for atheism" was never realised, however.

Kaganovich, who administrated the atrocious terror, exploited all of Stalin's many weaknesses. Stalin's daughter Svetlana claimed in the West that her father seemed as if possessed by demons. He was a short man, only 155 cm (5 ft 1 in) and suffered from an inferiority complex because of this. At the same time, he suffered from his somewhat stiff and shrunken left arm. He had smallpox as a teenager and his face was still

disfigured by ugly pockmarks. Besides, he was a paranoid alcoholic psychopath. Perhaps that was why he was also so cowardly that he commanded a double of himself to be found in the spring of 1935. The secret police found a suitable man in Vinnitsa. He was called Yevsei Lubetsky. Make-up artists arranged his face so well that not even Stalin's secretary could tell the difference between him and his real master. Everyone who had been involved in the process of organising Stalin's double was eliminated. Only Kaganovich, Molotov and Malenkov knew that Stalin had a double. Comrade Lubetsky also lived in a villa. The servants in the house actually believed their master to be the real Stalin. He visited theatres, stood on top of Lenin's mausoleum, received foreign delegations... Lubetsky was arrested in 1952 but was saved by Stalin's death. He died in 1981 in the capital of Tadjikistan, Dushanbe.

Up to 1929, there was hardly any sign of a Stalin cult in the Soviet Union. He visited various institutions without bodyguards to play the democrat - available to all. It was Kaganovich and Mekhlis who changed that. Towards the end of 1929, the first rose-tinted pictures of Stalin began to turn up. After that, Stalin grew into an ever greater genius.

The Great Famine and Other Crimes

In 1929, there was open unemployment in the cities and concealed unemployment in the countryside. The population could eat their fill in that year and the Soviet Union exported 2.5 million tons of grain. On the 9th of October 1930, Stalin officially abolished unemployment by law. The payment of unemployment benefits ceased at the same time. Kaganovich believed it necessary to reduce the population at this point. There were too many people left. The best means to get rid of them was to bring about a famine. That was why forced collectivisation was introduced in 1929. It was called "de-kulakisation", that is to say - the land was taken away from the land-owning farmers (kulaks). Many smallholders were also affected, sometimes entire villages, regardless of the inhabitants' social class. On the 27th of December 1929, Stalin began using Kagano- vich's slogan: "Liquidation of the kulaks as a class!" Kulak ('fist' in Russian) was used to refer to a capable and wealthy farmer. Kaganovich caused the dissolution of village life in Russia.

Kaganovich's most heinous crime was the organisation of the famine in 1932-33 in the Ukraine and northern Caucasia together with Yan Yakov- lev (Epstein). Lazar Kaganovich took responsibility for agriculture in the Central Committee in 1933, in order to complete this project more easily.

According to the historian Vladimir Tikhonov, who is also a member of an academy, there were 26.6 million households in Russia in 1929. Five years later this figure had sunk to 23.3 million, a reduction of about three million or 11-12 per cent. Tikhonov's conclusion: over ten million people

were subjected to arbitrary punishment. The farmers and peasants affected were "the best, the most experienced and the hardest working". It had been decided in the beginning that at least 6.8 million "kulaks" had to be eliminated. ("The Socialist Build-up of the Soviet Union", Moscow,

1934.)

The "de-kulakisation", or collectivisation, was brought about in the following way: confiscation of houses and all property, and removal of the kulaks and their families without food in cattle wagons. These transports

meant death to most of the children and the aged. Subsequently, the adults were forced into hard labour, from which most of them eventually died. In the construction of the 227 km long White Sea Canal alone, which was finished in 1933, 250 000 slave labourers died. They were forced to work at marching pace!

8 million people died as a result of the famine, according to the historian Sergei Naumov. Some of the victims were eaten (Molodaya

Gvardiya, September 1989). It was an exceedingly serious crime against humanity, but those responsible for it were never punished. Many historians have recently reached another figure when calculating the number of fatalities. Six million died in 1933 alone. 25 000 people died every day in the Ukraine in the spring of 1933. The dead lay everywhere in the streets.

Kaganovich had exported most of the grain then produced in the Ukraine whilst the population starved. About 15 million people died in connection with the collectivisation. This was genocide. The Bolsheviks,

however, regarded their subjects as the property of the state. They thought thcy could do whatever they wished with them. Stalin was forced to do something about unemployment for the sake of propaganda and he made no secret of this. The foreign financiers could have ended this wholesale slaughter, but they did not.

Three Jews, Lazar Kaganovich, Yakov Yakovlev (Epstein) and Grigori Kaminsky, decided how many kulaks were necessary and who should be regarded as "kulaks" and be driven away from their land to Siberia, to prisons and forced-labour camps. They decided to deal with the threat of the other independent peasants by forcing them into kibbutzes (milder versions of which have been tested in Palestine since 1909). The members of those kibbutzes, called kolkhozes and sovkhozes in Soviet Russia, were not given passports, since the Soviet authorities regarded these new slaves as their property. They were not allowed to move or escape from their virtually unpaid and degrading work (there was always a Politruk in every kolkhoz, who made sure that everything happened in a Communist way). Since those compulsory workers lacked domestic passports they had, in principle, no civic rights. Special permission was needed even to go shopping or trading in the nearest town. This system was only abolished in the 1970s.

Trotsky, in exile, wrote in 1931 that collectivisation was a "new era in the history of man and the beginning of the end of the idiocy in the countryside". (Leon Trotsky, "Problems of the Development of the USSR", 1931.)

During the time of the first Trotskyist collectivisation policy, between 1929 and 1932, not only human beings were destroyed but also 17.7 million horses, 29.8 million cattle (of which 10 million milk cows), 14.4 million pigs and 93.9 million sheep and goats. There were 19.6 million horses, just 40.7 million cattle, 11 million pigs and 32.1 million goats left in 1932. A total of 159.4 million farm animals vanished between 1929 and 1934. The author Yuri Chernichenko commented on this in the newspaper Literaturnaya Gazeta on the 14th of April 1988, where he said: "It was a war, a strike against the nation's productive powers, of such magnitude that the classic horror scenes from the battle of Stalingrad seem pale and naive in comparison."

This led to a famine in the winter of 1932-33, just as Lazar Kaganovich and his closest comrades had planned. It was forbidden to sell grain on the open market. The agricultural production was reduced by a quarter and the meat production by a half during those five years, 1929-1933, according to the historian G. Shmelev. At the same time, 1.8 million tons of grain were exported. The official Soviet slogan was very cynical: "All for the good of the people, all is done in the name of the people's happiness!"

Kaganovich and his cronies brought about this genocide by the intro- duction of confiscatory taxation on those peasants who remained after the extermination of the "kulaks". Meanwhile, he sent out new gangs of fana- tical activists who commanded enforcement patrols, especially in the Ukraine, where the borders to the other Soviet republics had been closed off. The political activists took away every grain of corn and every egg, every vegetable and every fruit of the farms' produce. Convoys of trucks carried all the food away. Each piece of bread, which should have been brought to the starving, was confiscated at the border. Every Ukrainian, who might be suspected of the least, often invented, attempt at lessening the full impact of the famine or of hiding foodstuffs from the authorities, was shot or sent to the labour camps. (Robert Conquest, "The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collektivization and the Terror-Famine", Alberta, 1986.)

Each morning, wagons drove about to collect the dead in the Ukraine and southern Russia. Bodies lined the roads in Central Asia too. Canni- balism became increasingly common in the Ukraine in 1934. Several sources show that the famine even brought forth actual slaughterhouses for orphaned children, whose meat was later sold.

Victims of the famine in the Ukraine in 1933. 299
Lazar Kaganovich and his accomplices were ultimately responsible for the deaths of nearly 15 million people during the great famine. If we add a further 15 million - the number of those who died during the collectivi- sation, we see that Kaganovich and his gang of bandits destroyed nearly 30 million human lives in just a few years. But not even that appalling mountain of victims seems to have satisfied Stalin's or Kaganovich's thirst for blood.

Therefore, in 1932, they also began the first massive wave of terror since Lenin's death. Most of those who were sent to forced-labour camps were thereby practically sentenced to death. Already in 1921, Lenin and Trotsky had built the Kholmogory death-camp near Arkhangelsk, where prisoners were slowly killed and constantly replaced. Kaganovich used the same method. It usually took just two weeks to kill the weakest prisoners. Many of the inmates in "normal" camps were later sentenced to death by shooting, either by special "revolutionary" tribunals or by instruction from the NKVD. There were also special elimination camps, where prisoners were sent in a steady stream to be killed.

I must point out here that a large number of prisoners never even reached their camps due to the immensely cruel treatment they received. For example, the Jewish administrators had worked out the following method: the train was stopped at some station where the temperature was 20 degrees below zero and everyone was commanded to undress. The prisoners were then "showered" with ice-cold water from hoses. The soldiers shouted: "Lovely steam!" (Rahva Haal, 12th of July 1989.)

This terror knew no limits. When all the jigsaw pieces are finally in place, we are faced with the most horrible picture of reality I have ever heard or read about. Dante's "Inferno" is child's play by comparison.

The Great Terror

By 1937, another 18 million people besides the 30 million who had been eliminated during the collectivisation and the famine had lost their lives as a result of Kaganovich's wave of terror. It was still not enough. There were still "too many people" left. That was why the great terror was begun in 1937. People were executed in waves, according to the historian Dmitri Yurasov. One such wave occurred in Moscow and Leningrad on the 30th

of October 1937, when an especially large number of people were killed. Perhaps the Chekists were celebrating something?

In the previous year (on the 30th of September 1936), the people's

commissary for internal affairs, Genrikh Yagoda (Hirsch Yehuda) had been fired and replaced by Nikolai Yezhov. It was Kaganovich who

wanted to get rid of him. He was not efficient enough. Yagoda, who had previously been a pharmacist, always carried his medicine case with him. He liked to poison his victims personally in the cells of the Lubyanka. Yagoda himself became one of the victims of the great terror. He was arrested in 1937 and shot on May 15, 1938. Yagoda had been married to Yakov Sverdlov's cousin. During this period, the NKVD was led by the dcputy chiefs Matvei Berman and Mikhail Frinovsky.

Meanwhile, some of these gratuitous mass executions were directly

caused by the extremist Jews' purges against other Jews. A power struggle was going on at the same time as terrible suffering was inflicted on the Russian people. The officers of the NKVD began wearing a new symbol

on their sleeves during the great terror of 1934-38 - the sword and serpent. This symbolised the struggle of the cabbalistic Jews against their enemies. There is no devil according to the Talmud. Satan and God are united in Yahweh.

Many leading functionaries perished in that power struggle: Zinoviev, Kamenev, Smirnov, Pyatakov, Radek, Tomsky (Honigberg), Sokolnikov, Rykov (who became head of government after Lenin's death), Krestinsky, Bukharin... Stalin and Kaganovich were after their rivals' gold. Even Le- nin's personal bank accounts were transferred to Moscow. Everyone in- volved in that gold affair was liquidated in 1937. Stalin also wanted to lay his hands on the Social Revolutionaries' gold. They had been robbing banks in Russia and Europe for 15 years and had changed all the proceeds into gold

Planned economy began to be applied also to the murdering. Kaganovich had the first extermination plan drawn up in July 1937.

According to this plan the NKVD were to liquidate, during a four-month period, 268 950 people, of whom 75 950 were to be killed immediately. Kaganovich soon realised that the tempo was still too slow. Different suggestions of how the number of killings could be increased were handed in by local power-mongers to the Politburo, who accepted all these

suggestions. For instance, it allowed 48 000 more people to be destroyed 301
and another 9200 to be imprisoned in a four-month period. But the quotas were still not satisfactory (Moskovskie Novosti, 21st of June 1992).

A total of 7 million people became new political prisoners in the Soviet Union during the years 1937-38. At the peak of Stalin's and Kaganovich's terror, the number of executions reached 40 000 per month, according to Alexander Solzhenitsyn, who estimated the total figure of those executed in the years 1937-38 at one million and assessed that another two million died in the work camps. Literaturnaya Rossiya published the largest estimate of the total number of victims of the Soviet regime, including those who died of induced starvation and maltreatment - 147 million. This came to nearly 5 million per year for 30 years, though the years 1937- 38 accounted for a disproportionate amount of deaths. I must point out here that many of those murdered were women and children who had been classed as "enemies of the people". The systematic killing of large numbers of children began as early as 1934. After all, they cost money...

In Moscow, the murders were carried out in the prison dungeons of the Lubyanka, the Butyrka and the Lefortovo. Stalin and Kaganovich had their most famous victims cremated at night, following which they had the ash smuggled out and buried in a mass grave in the Donskoye graveyard. This seemed the safest way to complete the total elimination of their important victims.

Far from all of those killed in the jails of Moscow during the 1930s, the 1940s and the beginning of the 1950s were cremated. Most of them were thrown into various mass graves in Moscow. One of those hitherto un- known mass graves was found in the Kalitinsky graveyard in southern Moscow. The NKVD used it as a dumping site for bodies for several years in the 1930s.

The covered lorries arrived at around five in the afternoon, every single day for seven years between 1934 an 1941. They drove up to the far end of a ravine, turned around and reversed up to the edge. The trucks were painted blue-green and lacked side-windows. Instead, large letters on the sides of the truck announced SAUSAGES or MEAT and sometimes CAKES. When the truck had backed up to the edge and stopped, a hatch was opened at the back and two officers wearing NKVD uniforms, rubber boots, long rubber aprons in black and gold and elbow-length rubber gloves seized the corpses by the heads and legs and threw them down into the ravine. Two other soldiers waited down below with shovels and threw

some earth on the bodies. The corpses were always naked. They all had bullet holes in their heads; a small entry hole in the back of the neck and large exit hole in front. They had been shot from behind.

The executioners had an unlimited supply of alcohol. They were usually drunk, sometimes extremely. Vodka was consumed during and after work. The KGB admitted in July 1990 that there were also mass graves in the Donskoye and Vagankovskoye cemeteries in Moscow.

A large execution site has now been found in Kuropaty, six miles from Minsk, the capital of Byelorussia. At least 102 000 people were murdered there, including many women. Witnesses have related that the executions began in the evenings and continued through the nights. The executioners wore NKVD uniforms. The witness Mikolai Karpovich saw how people

stood lined up by a mass grave. They were gagged and blindfolded. To save bullets, the executioners usually tried to shoot two people with each shot. Executions took place there every day between 1937 and June 1941. Thc people who lived near the Kuropaty forest could hear salvoes of shots and prisoners begging and screaming for their lives. There were at least

five such execution sites around Minsk, where the butchers worked in shifts. Uniformed NKVD men used to take part in the dance in the village

of Kuropaty at around 11 o'clock on Saturday evenings. (Expressen, 18th of October 1988.)

About fifty mass graves in this area have later been opened. Prisoners who were taken to Kuropaty in the winter were forced to step out of the carriages in the severe cold, whereupon they were showered in icy water and ordered to return to the carriages. Not many survived until the

following morning. The heads were cut off from all the frozen corpses. The survivors were killed at the edge of the mass grave, into which all the victims were thrown.

Moscow Television related on the 12th of September 1989 that nearly 300 000 victims had been found in an abandoned goldmine near Chel- yabinsk. This was the largest mass grave. The Communists killed up to

250 000 "enemies of the people" in the forest of Bykovnya near Kiev between 1937 and 1941. Most were shot in the neck, but a few had also been poisoned by smoke (Dagens Nyheter, 25th of March 1989). That place had earlier been called the grave of the victims of fascism. The bodies of many Jews were supposed to have been hidden there, but this lie was exposed after the fall of Communism.

Boris Berman inspects the prisoners' work by the White Sea Canal.

When the terror reached its peak in 1937, the NKVD men could not keep up with their task only by shooting the victims, so they began gassing them to death in lorries. (Dagens Nyheter, 17th of June 1991, A 9.) It becomes understandable in the light of this information that all honest, decent people paled at the very mention of the NKVD. People were also gassed to death during Lenin's time.

The NKVD had built up an efficient information system where those who informed on an "enemy of the people" received a large amount of money from NKVD commissars in leather jackets.

The West considered all of this to be quite normal. The American am-' bassador in Moscow, Joseph Davies (a freemason), was especially enthusiastic about the mock trials.

He reported to the secretary of state that the material proved "beyond reasonable doubt" that the sentences for treason were justified. He praised the Soviet system of justice to such an extent in the press and in diplomatic dispatches that he was awarded the Order of Lenin. (Svenska Dagbladet, 7th of October 1990, "The Stalinist Purges Are Rc-Examined".) Revelations about the real situation were regarded as libel by the American press.

Western observers were also quite happy with the Jewish Chief Prose- cutor Andrei Vyshinsky, who used to begin his appeals with the phrase: "Shoot the mad dogs!" The Danish Communist author Martin Andersen- Nexo wrote about Vyshinsky: "The prosecutor's appeal was highly con- vincing and the sentence absolutely just!"