Nobody knows that Zionism appeared as a Marxist movement, a socialist one Zionism is actually a revolution

dollars), according to the periodical Vikerkaar No. 1, 1986. The financial elite suddenly changed their plans and the Soviet (i.e. the American) aid to the Republic was withdrawn in the autumn of 1938. Therefore, Franco

was able to take Madrid on the 28th of March 1939. Nearly 1.4 million people were killed in the Spanish Civil War.

The Spanish gold reserve of 600 million dollars (the fourth largest in the world) was handed over to Moscow in order to keep it out of Franco's reach. Moscow kept the gold.

Two Italian Stalinists, Carlo and Nello Roselli, had planned a

revolution in Venice for the 25th of May 1937, where they were to have led the attack of 2600 terrorists and thereby provoked a civil war. Stalin suddenly decided to cancel this operation and prohibited the Roselli brothers from taking action in Italy. The Communist brothers ignored the ban, however. The NKVD then organised the murder of the two brothers with the aid of a right-wing group, according to the historian Franco Bandini's book "The Cone of the Shadow" (1990). Bandini declared to the newspaper Il Tempo (Rome,), on the 11th of April 1990: "The lobby of historians has tried to silence every unpleasant piece of information during the last 45 years. They considered documents of this nature as their own private property. They worked only to conceal the unpleasant truth."

The holy war reached Poland on the 17th of September 1939. Finland was attacked on November 30th in the same year. But Moscow was forced to cease its war against Finland on March 12, 1940 - it had become too expensive (the Soviet side had already lost 250 000 out of a million men) Stalin said to Churchill in 1943: "A nation which has fought so intensely for its independence is worthy of respect." Stalin changed his mind in 1948 when he said, according to the witness Milovan Djilas: "It was wrong not to occupy Finland." (Helsingin Sanomat, 16th of March 1983.)

In the summer of 1940 it was time to introduce Communism into the Baltic states and Bessarabia (Moldavia). The flowering economies of the Baltic states were a very negative advertisement for their eastern neigh- bour and for this reason the countries had to disappear. Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania had a turnover of 586 474 000 dollars on the world market in 1938 while the gigantic Soviet Union's turnover was only 512 508 000 dollars. (J. Bokalders, "The International Yearbook", Riga. 1944.)

England broke off its negotiations with Stalin concerning the Ball in- states. The financial elite decided that Germany should "deliver" the Baltic states and Finland to the Soviet Union. Stalin understood, during the negotiations in London, that he would be permitted to occupy the

Baltic states. President Roosevelt was well informed about the secret additions to the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact the day after it was signed. This is evident from a secret telegram (71.6211/93). He made no outward sign, but continued to play the role of the naive and "well-meaning" Western leader. He never warned the Baltic states, since it was also to the interests of the United States that those nations should disappear from the map.

When the Red Army had occupied Estonia, Franklin Delano Roosevelt cynically said to the journalists: "If the Estonians don't like Communism they can leave Estonia!"

Roosevelt knew very well whom he was dealing with. His judgement of Stalin shows this. When Felix Habsburg visited the White House, Roose- velt asked: "Felix, have you ever met the devil?" Felix Habsburg did not understand what he meant by this. Roosevelt continued: "Felix, I have met the devil. He was in Yalta and his name was Stalin." (Erich Feigl,

"Kaiserin Zita", Vienna, 1977, pp. 226-227.)

It should be pointed out here that the United States continued to aid Moscow up to and during the Finnish Winter War, in spite of Roosevelt's promise that Stalin would receive no support for the attack on Finland (there was officially an embargo against the Soviet Union). Three hundred firms in fifteen states sent their goods to the Pacific from where it was sent on to Vladivostok.

The Soviet Union, meanwhile, supplied Germany with grain, oil and other raw materials, which were needed for the war operations against

Western Europe in the spring and summer of 1940. Within 17 months Ger- many received 865 million tons of oil, 14 000 tons of copper, 1 million

tons of timber, 11 000 tons of flax, 15 000 tons of asbestos, 184 000 tons of phosphates, 2736 kilograms of platinum, 1462 million tons of grain, and more, from Moscow. In November of 1939 alone, the Soviet Union had bought 22 000 tons of copper from the United States and sold it at a profit to Germany.

The Finns allied themselves with the Germans in the summer of 1941

and took back the areas the Soviet Union had occupied. Stalin asked Great Britain for help. And indeed - Great Britain declared war on Finland in Novemember 1941. They immediately sent 500 fighter planes, 280 armoured vehicles and 3000 lorries to Arkhangelsk. The sensible Finnish com- mander-in-chief, Marshal Carl Gustaf Mannerheim, broke away from the German forces and continued operating on his own. He wanted to

recapture all the areas Finland had lost during the Winter War of 1939-40. Not even Peter the Great could defeat the Swedish King Charles XII without secret aid from England.

The United States of America did not want to declare war on Finland directly, but in the summer of 1942 the Americans closed their consulates in Finland and demanded that Helsinki also close its consulates in the United States. The Soviet Union attacked once more on the 9th of June 1944, this time with American weapons, but Finland managed to resist. Washington was infuriated. The United States broke off their diplomatic relations with Finland on June 30th, 1944 to force the little country to steer a more Soviet-friendly course. Finland continued to defend itself. Moscow had the impudence to demand 300 million dollars "damages" from Finland when the Continuation War finished in September 1944.

The French historian Raymond Cartier has made an interesting study, comparing Hitler's armaments to the equipment, which the United States sent to Stalin. Germany, in its attack against the Soviet Union, used 1280 aeroplanes, 3330 armoured vehicles and 600 000 cars. In comparison, the United States sent the following to the Soviet Union during the nine month period from the 1st of October 1941 to June 1942: 1285 aeroplanes, 2249 armoured vehicles, 81 289 automatic weapons, 30 million kilograms of explosives, 36 825 cars, 56 445 field telephones and other equipment.

During the entire war, the United States sent a total of 376 000 vehicles (including 45 000 "Willis" jeeps and 29 000 motorcycles), 29 000 loco- motives, 12 536 tanks, 17 834 aeroplanes, 130 500 automatic weapons, 240 000 tons of explosives and ammunition, 13 200 revolvers, 2.5 million tons of petrol and other war materials.

Here I can mention that American cars made up two thirds of the Red Army's total supply, and that another 43 494 cars were sent from Great Britain. The Red Army received a total of 419 494 cars and other vehicles. Only 120 000 cars were produced in the Soviet Union between 1942 and 1944 - thus over three times less than they received from the West.

Neither did they have any trouble with uniforms, because the United States had 34 million uniforms, including the tsarist army shirts, sewn with Singer sewing machines. America also delivered 50 million metres of woollen cloth. The tank drivers wore American overalls. This information comes from Keesen's "Archiv der Gegenwart" (Part XV, 1945, p. 76) among other sources.

The Communists received a total of 17.8 million tons of goods worth

10.8 billion dollars from America. Of course, Moscow was unable to

repay more than a tiny part of this. In January 1951 the U.S.A. wanted 84 war-ships worth 800 million dollars returned but Stalin refused categorically.

It is obvious that Moscow would never have survived Hitler's attack

without American aid. As proof of this claim I will point to the fact that the Soviet Union lacked heavy bombers. Only 79 of the Pe-8, the Soviet Union's only four-engine aeroplane, were ever produced. 50 000 similar aeroplanes were produced in Great Britain and the United States during the same period. The Soviet bomber 11-4 was considered an inferior aeroplane.

Aid During the "Cold War"

The United States continued to build up the Soviet Union even during the so-called cold war. The West continued to deal with the East militarily as well as economically. Antony Sutton confirms that the build-up of the Soviet steel industry was completed by Fretz-Moon, Aetna Standard, Mannesman and other American companies. Two thirds of the Soviet merchant navy, which in 1970 amounted to 6000 ships, were built outside the Soviet Union. Four fifths of the marine engines were also built outside the Soviet Empire. The rest were built with Western help.

Congress while appropriating billions for defence against Communism has at the same time given over six billion dollars in direct military and economic aid to the Communists.

Radar-equipped F-86 jet fighter planes worth over 300 000 dollars each have been sold to the Communist dictator of Yugoslavia for 10 000 dollars. The Eisenhower Administration approved it. ("Report, U.S. Foreign Assistance", U.S. Agency for Int. Dev., March 21, 1962.)

The entire Soviet automobile industry came from the West, primarily from the United States. Moscow used 30 000 heavy transport vehicles to move its missiles and other war materials, all of which were produced with American aid.

Ford Motor Company built a gigantic lorry factory in Gorky (now

Nizhny Novgorod) in 1968.

Gleason, New Britain Machine Company and TRW of Cleveland in the United States delivered the equipment for Fiat's car industry in Togliatti. The Americans also built the world's largest lorry factory in Kama in the 1970s. Information about which companies besides Ford took part was classified by the State Department. 1200 foreigners worked with the installations of the factory, which had a full production capacity on 150 000 three-axled lorries and 250 000 diesel motors per year. As a result of the Soviet lack of skill, only 41 000 lorries were produced in the Kama factory up to 1978. The Kama company had great military significance. Other documents prove that Arthur Brandt Company of Detroit, Michigan, built the car factory ZIL. The Chase Manhattan Bank gave 192 million dollars for this project.

Prime Minister Alexei Kosygin confirmed at the end of 1965 that "the mechanisation was completed much too slowly". In some cases the delays amounted to four years or more. Over 100 000 building projects were unfinished as a result. Not even the United States could help the Soviet Union this time.

Only 676 000 tractors of the 2 762 200 in the Soviet Union between 1966 and 1974 worked properly. The others were quite inferior. (Charles Levinson, "Vodka-Cola", Essex, 1979, p. 127.) Only 30 per cent of 10 000 combine harvesters were actually delivered in 1964.

The Soviet T-54 tank is suspiciously similar to the American Christie tank. One might suspect the Communists of having stolen the model and copied it. It was actually simpler than that. The U.S. Wheel Track Layer Corporation produced the tanks for Moscow. During Gorbachev's time in power (1985-91) the Soviet Union produced twice as many tanks as the United States of America did during Reagan's presidency (1981-1988). 3300 tanks were produced in the Soviet Union in 1986, 3500 in 1987, and again in 1988. Thousands of other armoured vehicles were also produced in the Soviet Union during the same time. There were a total of 53 000 tanks in the Soviet empire. That, to put things in perspective, was three times more than NATO had.

In 1966 France gave a guarantee to finance the building of chemical industries for 3.5 billion francs. Moscow also received 1.5 billion francs to build the Renault car factory by the Kama River in 1971 and another 800 million francs for the building of a paper-mill. In 1988 the billionaire Armand Hammer invested six billion dollars in the building of chemical

factories in the Soviet Union. The Jewish capitalist Robert Maxwell, drowned under mysterious circumstances in 1991, also had an intensive co-operation with Moscow.

80 per cent of all the goods delivered to the Soviet Union were bought on credit. (Charles Levinson, "Vodka-Cola", Essex, 1979, p. 26.) Many intelligent Russians found it hard to understand why the Americans did not put an end to Communism.

Meanwhile, the KGB in the Soviet Union and its satellite states had to follow secret instructions to the effect that no one was permitted to

introduce any new inventions, which increased production. Those instructions were revealed only in the summer of 1990.

Antony Sutton emphasised that the Russians would never have been

able to carry out their space program, Soyuz, without the help of the United States. Thousands of captured German rocket experts were sent to

the Soviet Union and the first Russian sputnik was propelled into space by German rockets, which had been further developed.

The Soviet Union's own contributions to space research were generally just a big bluff, as the defected journalist Leonid Vladimirov proved quite clearly. The Swedish daily Expressen revealed on the 21st of January 1985that high technology had been smuggled into the Soviet Union via France, in spite of the American embargo against the Kremlin. This made it possible to continue the co-operation in space. American presidents had classified a pact of this nature with France. NASA was responsible for smuggling modern electronic equipment into the Soviet Union.

The United States of America had 5000 computers at the end of the

1950s, while the Soviet Union only had 120. In 1973 the United States had 70 000 and the Soviet Union 6000 - the Soviet computers were all of the first or second generation. The American computers could manage 2500

operations per second in the Second World War and 15 000 in the 1950s. IBM and the British company International Computer and Tabulation Ltd.

began supplying the Soviet Union with their computers.

The activities of the Soviet research institutes and so-called letterbox factories were strictly secret. In that way the Soviet Union concealed from the public the fact that it was lagging behind in the field of technological development and that some projects originated from abroad. Those in the West who were interested could read in various books about what was happening in these institutions.

The Soviet Union's military expenses amounted to 35 per cent of its GNP (compared to 5.5 per cent in the United States and 2.5 per cent in Sweden). The White House in Washington and Wall Street in New York continued to support the Soviet system despite officially condemning Moscow's invasion of Afghanistan. An agreement to develop Soviet agriculture was signed as late as the 18th of June 1985. Young American farmers were sent to the Soviet Union to train Russian kolkhoz functio- naries. Modern technology was also delivered. (The International Herald Tribune, 19th June 1985.) At the same time, Moscow sent aid to all the other Communist countries. Nicaragua alone received 294 million dollars during three years. Moscow sent 300 million dollars each month to support the Communist regime in Kabul.

The Dismantling of the Soviet Union

Only one conclusion can be drawn from all of this: the United States of America could have ruined the Soviet Union whenever they wanted to. They would only have needed to stop delivering modern equipmenl. Washington continued. The United States could have defeated the Vietna mese Communists easily. But they did not want to. On the contrary modern American war equipment was delivered to the Viet Cong. And more than 58 000 young American men were sacrificed. All this served the purposes of the financial elite (and the United States had the opportunity to experiment with various bacteriological and chemical weapons). The financial elite wanted to keep the Vietnam War going at any cost. It was a perfect cover for the profitable narcotics trade, according to Dr Alfred W. McCoy.

Several American researchers, including Richard Pipes of Harvard, have pointed out that the Americans only needed to stop sending their aid to overthrow the Communists in Moscow. Antony Sutton emphasised in a lecture to the leadership of the Republican Party that this efficient weapon had, for some reason, never been used. If the aid had been withdrawn, they would have saved millions of people from the most terrible suffering and furthered the cause of democracy.

The aid to the Soviet Union and its satellite states was concealed in many different ways, mostly by loans at incredibly low interest rates. It

was well-known that Moscow could not even afford to pay the interest on these loans. Repayment was not expected. In 1984 alone, the Soviet block receivcd loans totalling 50 billion dollars at the same time as modern technology was delivered free of charge. (Det Basta, October 1985.) In 1984 the Soviet Union owed the Western banks 136.7 billion dollars, including 28.7 billion owed to various private banks. (Svenska Dagbladet, 4th May 1985.) Despite this, "loans" amounting to 200 million dollars

were received from the First National Bank of Chicago while Morgan Guaranty, the Bankers Trust and the Irving Trust gave the Soviet Union another 200 million dollars at an especially low rate of interest. These loans were without securities and the borrower was supposed to have begun repaying them six years later. The borrower was allowed to use the money for anything whatever - as if the Soviet Union was the banks' best customer. The newly opened archives have revealed that Moscow made var illegal money transfers to Communist parties all around the world. Moreover, some goods were sold to the Soviet Union at a much lower price than on the world market. The Western taxpayers had to pay the difference. In this way the EEC "sold" 100 000 tons of butter to the Soviet Union for approximately 45 pfennigs per kilogram while the German consumer had to pay over 10 DM per kilogram (100 pfennigs = 1 DM). Another 100 000 tons of butter were later "sold" to the Soviet Union at the highcr price of 70 pfennigs per kilogram. Everything according to Expressen, 8th of August 1987.

In the years 1984-1986, the Soviet Union lost approximately 8 billion dollars in yearly oil-profits (though the volume of exports was roughly the same) as a result of the fall in price. This should be compared with the nation's total exports, which amounted to 20-25 billion dollars. In 1989 the Soviet Union managed to scrape together only 18 billion dollars' worth of exports (mainly consisting of oil, gold and weapons). A third of

the export capital in 1990 was spent on grain. Other goods also had to be imported. The Soviet Union's imports paid for in Western currencies increascd by 23 per cent in 1989 while its income of the same currencies increased only by 7-8 per cent.

The satellite states and third world countries, in turn, owed the Soviet Union 85 billion dollars, which they could not repay. The Soviet budget

deficit in 1989 was 100 billion roubles, making up 25 per cent of the bud- get. In the spring of 1990 the Soviet Union faced an acute currency crisis,

the annual growth rate had decreased to two per cent, the galloping inflation was at least 23 per cent and there was a shortage of all kinds of consumer goods. Strikes made the situation worse. Moscow received new loans amounting to 14 billion dollars from private banks in Germany, France, Italy, Japan and other countries at the end of 1990, according to the Moscow business newspaper Kommersant (November 26, 1990).

In spite of the very low prices, the Soviet Union came to owe many countries vast amounts of money for necessary commodities. Moscow owed the German banks 37.6 billion DEM by the end of 1991 (Svenska Dagbladet, 27th of November 1991). Various Japanese companies were owed a total of 200 million dollars by Moscow in 1996. The Soviet Union had outstanding debts for various goods from different Western companies, which amounted to almost 10 billion dollars in the spring of 1990.

The Soviet citizens were tired of nourishing their parasites. That was why they just pretended to work. The United States tried to keep the Soviet Union above water in all kinds of ways. Washington sent aid worth 15 billion dollars to the Soviet Union in 1991 (Moscow was not required to repay this). Wall Street calculated that Moscow would need loans of 30 billion dollars per year to cover its most vital needs. But they received only half of this.

Several Western companies helped to finance the Soviet propaganda on Moscow Central Television by advertising goods, which were virtually impossible to obtain in the Soviet Union. Intelligent people in the Soviet empire realised that the capitalists had no intention of allowing them to live a normal life, since they constantly sent more aid to the Soviet Union and thereby prolonged the suffering of its citizens.

Why was the Soviet Union finally made to fall? It became increasingly difficult for the United States to support the Soviet empire, as appeared from facts given in Dagens Nyheter on the 13th of July 1991. America did not have enough money to cover even its own expenses. The American government owed 4000 billion dollars to private banks in 1992. Meanwhile, the budget deficit in 1992 had increased to 285 billion dollars (Svenska Dagbladet, 30th of October 1992).

Voice of America declared in August 1987 that American banks were then lending the Soviet Union and other Communist states at least 33 million dollars per day (1 billion per month). The Secretary of State,

Alexander Haig, complained: "We are lucky if we get back 25 cents for every dollar." German, British and French private banks alone pumped over 11 billion dollars into the Soviet Union during the first ten months of 1988. Voice of America proclaimed already in August 1988 that not even the entire tax revenue of the West could save the inefficient Soviet economy. The CIA had also systematically overestimated the survival power of the Soviet economy. It was stated that the CIA made serious errors in its analysis of the development of the Soviet Union, according to Svenska Dagbladet, 5th of November 1989.

There was only one way out - Russia had to change to a market economy. Every future possibility of credit now became completely dependent on this condition. This was also underlined in Budapest by the

important Jewish freemason Jacques Attali, director of the European Bank of Reconstruction: "If any problems should arise with democracy, or if the government is unable to continue its present policy, we will stop the aid immediately." {Dagens Nyheter, 14th of April 1992.) Attali, a member of B'nai B'rith, was regarded as a grey eminence behind the freemason Francois Mitterand, then president of France.

Western banks made a plot to undermine the Soviet economy in the beginning of 1991 in order to speed up the phasing-out of the Soviet Union. They flooded the country with worthless roubles and thereby caused hyperinflation with the intention of deposing Gorbachev. Prime Minister Valentin Pavlov revealed this on the 13th of February 1991 in the newspaper Trud. This huge flow of money into the Soviet Union had been well prepared. Banks in Austria, Switzerland, Canada and Russia joined in the operation. President Mikhail Gorbachev was disturbing the develop- mcnt towards a market economy and so doing stood in the way of the financial elite. The Soviet Union tried to protect itself by taking all 50 and 100 rouble notes out of circulation. This was proclaimed to the nation by the news programme Vremya on Moscow Television at 9 PM on the 22nd of January 1991. Ordinary people were permitted to exchange their old currency for new, but only a sum equal to their monthly wage, not exceeding 1000 roubles. The state collected 40 billion roubles' worth of those notes out of a total of 48 billion. This is an example of how certain