O’zbekiston-finlandiya pedagogika instituti xorijiy til va adabiyoti fakulteti

O’ZBEKISTON-FINLANDIYA PEDAGOGIKA INSTITUTI XORIJIY TIL VA ADABIYOTI FAKULTETI

• MUSTAQIL ISH
• GURUH:208
• TALABASI:YAXYOYEV AHMADULLO
• FAN: NAZARIY GRAMATIKA
• MAVZU:Syntax
• O’QITUVCHI: ISAKOVA NODIRA

Syntax Defined

• Syntax is from a Greek word meaning order or arrangement.
• Syntax deals with the relation of words to each other as component parts of a sentence, and with their proper arrangement to express clearly the intended meaning.

Classification of Sentences

There are 4 general types or forms of sentences:

• (1) Declarative, which puts the thought in the form of a declaration or assertion. This is the most common one.
• (2) Interrogative, which puts the thought in a question.
• (3) Imperative, which expresses command, entreaty, or request.
• (4) Exclamatory, which expresses serious emotion.

Examples:

• Declarative: The echo always has the last word.
• Imperative: Love your neighbor.
• Interrogative: Are second thoughts always wisest?
• Exclamatory: I want to wash the flag, not burn it!

Stylistic Choices:

• Most of the time, writers of English use the following standard sentence patterns:

Subject/Verb (SV)

• Subject/Verb (SV)
• My father cried.

• Subject/Verb/Subject complement (SVC)
• Even the streams were now lifeless.

• Subject/Verb/Direct object (SVO)
• We believed her.

• Subject/Verb/Indirect object/Direct object (SVIO)
• Tans shows me a graph.

• To make longer sentences, writers often coordinate two or more of the standard sentence patterns OR subordinate one sentence pattern to another.

Examples:

• Coordinating patterns: (SVO)
• Yet every one of these disasters has actually happened somewhere, and many real communities have already suffered a substantial number of them.

• Subordinating one pattern to another: (SVO/I)
• And when they arrived on the edge of Mercury, they carried all the butterflies of a summer day in their wombs.