O’zbekiston-finlandiya pedagogika instituti xorijiy til va adabiyoti fakulteti

Juxtaposition

• Definition: Placing two ideas (words or pictures) side by side so that their closeness creates a new, often ironic meaning.
• Simply put – by placing comparative or contrasting words, images, or phrases together in a sentence, the author brings attention to some aspect otherwise overlooked.
• Example: an oxymoron such as Shakespeare’s “parting is such sweet sorrow” juxtaposes two words with opposite meanings together so that the audience better gains the understanding of the character’s dilemma at the time.

Parallelism

• Parallel structuring is the repeating of phrases or sentences that are similar (parallel) in meaning and structure; repetition is the repeating of the same word or phrase to create a sense of rhythm and emphasis.
• Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty. –John F Kennedy

Parallelism (sentence structures)

• If two or more ideas are parallel, they are easier to grasp when expressed in parallel grammatical form. Single words should be balanced with single words, phrases with phrases, clauses with clauses.
• A kiss can be a comma, a question mark, or an exclamation point. (balanced words)
• This novel is not to be tossed lightly aside, but to be hurled with great force. (balanced phrases)
• In matters of principle, stand like a rock; in matters of taste, swim with the current. (balanced clauses)

More Parallelism

• But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow, this ground—
• --Abraham Lincoln
• I came, I saw, I conquered.
• –Julius Caesar
• Humanity has advanced, when it has advanced, not because it has been sober, responsible, and cautious, but because it has been playful, rebellious, and immature.
• --Tom Robbins