Physics for NanobioTechnology
Principles of Physics for Bionic Engineering
Árpád I. Csurgay, Ádám Fekete, Kristóf Tahy, Ildikó Csurgayné
Pázmány Péter Catholic University
Faculty of Information Technology
Budapest, Hungary
csurgay.arpad@itk.ppke.hu
In this course nanobiotechnology refers to
nanoscale engineering with biological and
biochemical applications or uses, i.e. to the
ways that nanotechnology is used to create
inanimate devices to study biological systems.
Physics deals with quantitative laws of inani-
mate nature.
On the nanoscale quantum effects have a
dominant sway. Electromagnetic interactions
are decisive. To describe devices and objects
engineered by nanobiotechnology mixed
quantumclassical physical models are need-
ed (Non-relativistic quantum electrodynam-
ics).
An inanimate nanobio device can be envis-
aged as an object built from positively
charged nuclei following the laws of classical
point mechanics; electrons following the laws
of quantum mechanics; and photons, follow-
ing the laws of electrodynamics, all of them in
vacuum, and on a biocompatible energy level.
The electron gas follows the FermiDirac, the
photon gas the BoseEinstein statistics.
The course starts with a glimpse on con-
temporary scientific world view, and on histo-
ry of the laws of physics. The designer of
nanobio machine should be able to predict the
behavior of its machine. The prediction can be
based on cutandtry experience, or on mod-
els and simulation. Ab inito physical model-
ing and simulation are based on quan-
tumclassical dynamical models of machines.
The goal of the course is to introduce the
quantitative modeling and simulation of
nanobio machines. Examples include micro-
scopes (e.g. STM, AFM, fluorescence micro-
scope) which can see at the nanoscale; devic-
es that manipulate and fabricate nano ma-
chines; nanoscale sensors and actuators, e.g.
plasmonic sensors; machines for energy har-
vest (e.g. artificial photosynthesis and hydro-
gen production); devices for medical diagnos-
tics and treatment (e.g. nanoparticles); nano
machines (e.g. motors, laser tweezers); and
nanoscale bio-inanimate interfaces.
The main chapters include:
1. Classical Mechanics (Basic Concepts of
Analytical Mechanics, Mechanics of Many
Point-like Bodies, Particle Dynamics in Elec-
tric and Magnetic Fields.
2 – 3 – 4 – 5. Classical Electrodynamics
(Experimental Foundation, Maxwell’s Equa-
tions – Boundary Conditions, Time-harmonic
Fields, Plane Wave Propagation, Plane Wave
Reflection and Refraction; Waveguides, Elec-
tromagnetic Radiation and Antennas; Cavity
Resonators).
6 – 7 – 8. Quantum Mechanics (A Glimpse
of the Quantum Story; Experimental Founda-
tion; Feynman’s Path Integral; Schrödinger
Equation; Measurements and Operators; Dirac
Formalism; Wave Pocket Propagation; Elec-
tron Reflection, Transmission and Tunneling;
Single Electron in a One-dimensional Periodic
Potential; Quantum Well, Quantum Wire,
Quantum Dot; Hydrogen and Hydrogen Like
Atoms).
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8. Many Body Problem and Statistical
Models (Multiple Body System with Negligi-
ble Interaction between Identical Particles;
Equilibrium in Multiple Body Systems; Fer-
miDirac Statistics).
9. Heuristic Models for the Structure of
Matter (Structure of Matter; Classical Elec-
trodynamics – MaxwellLorentz Equations;
Solutions of the Single-Electron Problem –
Band Structure of Matter; The Effective Mass
Schrödinger Equation; Quantum Well, Quan-
tum Line, Quantum Dot.
10. Heuristic Models for Semiconductors
(Semiconductor Materials; Semiconductors in
Thermal Equilibrium; Contact Potential; Car-
rier Transport in Semiconductors).
11 – 12. Interaction of Matter and Radia-
tion (Experimental Foundation; On the Phys-
ics of Vacuum; Interactions in Thermal Equi-
librium; LASER The Ruby-laser and the
VCSEL; A Heuristic Model of a Two-state
Atom in Electromagnetic Field; Perturbation
of a Stationary State; Time-dependent Pertur-
bation; Time-evolution Operator – The Prop-
agator).
13. Heuristic Models of Nanoscale Sys-
tems (Dynamics of an Individual Isolated Na-
noparticle, Nanoparticle in Dissipative Envi-
ronment; Quantum Interference Devices;
Phase Modulation by Electric and Magnetic
Fields).
14. Mathematical Appendix (Calculus of
Variations; Vector Analysis; Inverse Prob-
lems; Hilbert Space; Linear Operators in Hil-
bert Space; Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors).
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VLSI Design Methodologies
Péter Földesy
Pázmány Péter Catholic University
Faculty of Information Technology
Budapest, Hungary
foldesy@itk.ppke.hu
Summary — This paper describes the
content of the VLSI Design Methodologies
course slides.
Keywords - Circuit design, design flow,
integrated circuit, manufacturing process, CAD
tools
I.
I
NTRODUCTION
The course has an introductory style, as the
topic is wide and has many theoretical and
practical details, furthermore prepared to be
understandable by non electrical engineering
students.
This curriculum is driven by the slide show
and the closely related practice. It gives an
introduction to the manufacturing of integrated
circuits (IC) and their design. Starting from
the general aspects, it presents the deep
submicron IC manufacturing, the relation of
designed structures and the imperfect
manufacturing process, the advantages of
using modern CAD tools, the design flows of
analog and digital systems, and various exotic
technologies.
II.
S
TRUCTURE OF THE
C
OURSE
M
ATERIAL
The course contains twelve lessons, each
lesson covers a single topic and they are
presented as a slide show. These power point
presentations follow the same template,
namely a brief content description, the
material itself sectioned into topics, a
concluding page, questions about the content,
and finally the recommended literature. In the
following chapters the topics are presented.
A.
Introduction to Integrated Circuits
This lesson describes the trends that exist in
the integrated circuit industry. Both from the
aspects of the manufacturing technology and
supporting design practices. 3D integration is
briefly introduced and its motivations are
listed. The ICs are not uniform, several main
classes could be found, these variants are
described as well, such as silicon or exotic
material based technologies, DRAM, FLASH,
CPU variants.
B.
Manufacturing process
As the basis of design, the manufacturing
process is presented. It is emphasized how the
process affects the possibilities and difficulties
of the circuit implementation. Hence, the
connection between the drawn layout and the
manufacturing steps is shown in details. The
raw material preparation, the doping
techniques, the affect of scaling down is
presented.
Figure 1. Scanning electromicroscope image of a
six metal process.