Plan: Historical geographical formation of Bukhara oasis. Information from primary written sources. Narshahi's work "History of Bukhara". The first archaeological data of Russian researchers of the XIX century

History and culture of Bukhara in written sources

Plan:


Historical geographical formation of Bukhara oasis .
2. Information from primary written sources.
3. Narshahi's work "History of Bukhara".
The first archaeological data of Russian researchers of the XIX century.
5. NFSitniakovsky tests.
6. LLZimin studies.
Historical geographical formation of Bukhara oasis .
The oasis of Bukhara is formed in the lower part of the Zarafshan river, and the border of the oasis extends from the mountains of Qiziltepa in the north, Karakol in the south, Kyzilkir massif in the west to the mountains of Qarovulbazar in the east. The oasis was formed in the lower part of the Zarafshan river, formed by the melting of ice in the Central Asian mountains, since the Mesolithic period. Zarafshan river 5000 years ago, or mil. In 3000 years, it was filled and overflowed, passing through the entire Bukhara oasis, Karakol in the south, the western part of Jondor district, passing near the current Nargizkala on the banks of the Amudarya, and was deposited in the Amudarya. The Zarafshan River is a fast-flowing mountain river that brought a lot of turbidity with it. As a result, the Bukhara oasis was filled with mud and gradually turned into a plain.
From this point of view, the processes of the formation of the Nile Valley were repeated in our oasis. Just as Egypt is a child of the Nile, the oasis of Bukhara is also a product of the Zarafshan River. Gradually, the population moved, the economy developed, and culture emerged.
To study the archeology of the Bukhara oasis or its material monuments, we first turn to written sources. There is very little written information about the oasis of Bukhara in our country. Scientific researches, written sources and archeological investigations carried out during the next 30-40 years show that a rich culture was created in this country.
The Hindu collection "Rigveda" contains information about our country. It contains information about the nomadic cattle-breeding Aryans who came from the north. It is reported that the Aryans lived richly in the 9th century BC, and cattle breeding played a major role in their economy. The next important source is "Avesta". In it mil. avv. It talks about life in the 9th - 4th centuries. Ancient beliefs are reflected upon.
In the book "History of the Greek-Iranian War" by Herodotus (5th century BC), one of the authors of antiquity, his section "Klio" discusses our country. The economy of massagets living in vast expanses, their weapons and jewelry are thought of as a whole way of life. Also, other historians who lived in this period, such as Kvantus Kurstii Rufus, Arrian, Polyenus, "authors thought about the events of the 4th century BC. In particular, they describe the campaigns of Alexander the Macedonian. They think about the life of Jalik. Although these works are not directly called Bukhara and do not talk about the places in the lower part of Zarafshan, the narrative of the events allows to create an understanding of this place. Among the writers of the ancient times, only Arrian's work "Alexander's Journeys" mentions Bagi, who waited in the oasis of Zarafshan. the fortress is mentioned once.The ancient inhabitants of the Massagets lived in the area from Karmana to Lower Zarafshon.