Plan: Historical geographical formation of Bukhara oasis. Information from primary written sources. Narshahi's work "History of Bukhara". The first archaeological data of Russian researchers of the XIX century

The Massageta confederation was a confederation of 5 major tribes. These are the following:
1. Khorezmians
2. Derbies
3. Attasians
4. Avgasians
5. Apasiaks
About Bukhara, its ancient history, the emergence of the city, the only historical source that provides extensive information is the work "History of Bukhara" by M. Narshahi. This work was written in 943-944 and was translated from Arabic to Persian in 1128 by Muhammad ibn Nasr al-Qubavi. The work "History of Bukhara" consists of 36 chapters and provides valuable information about the people who ruled Bukhara and the regions of Bukhara. In chapter 2, the chapter is quoted, "This area where Bukhara is located was previously a swamp, and some of its lands were made up of groves, orchards, and green fields. Some places were such that an animal could not find a place to set foot. The reason for this was that in the regions on the Samarkand side, the snow melted in the mountains, the water flowed and collected in those places. On the side of Samarkand there is a big river called "Rudi Mosaf" "Mosaf river". A lot of water gathered in this river , it washed away a lot of land and pushed a lot of mud , and as a result, these swamps were filled. The water flowed a lot , until Bitik (Chorjo'i and the village on the banks of Amudarya ) and kept pushing until Farab. Then the water stopped flowing. The land where Bukhara is located gradually became a flat land. Thus, it became the great Sogd, and this region full of turbidity became Bukhara," he writes. In Narshakhi's work, Bukhara oasis and a number of settlements around it are described: Hyp, Vardonze - Vardona, Tarovcha - Tarob village, Safna and Ispona villages, Zandona, Poykend fortress and Dabusi. The villages of Karmina, Hyp, Tavoyiz, Sharq, Zandana are also described. There is mention of Romitan, Varakhsha, which is said to have had a large fortress and mosques.
A number of scientific works have been published about the archeology of Bukhara by scientists who studied it and conducted archaeological research. These are in the form of articles, pamphlets and scientific monographs, books. Among them are "The History of Watering the Oasis of Khorezm" by Yakhe Ghulomov, "Tablets from the Early History of Bukhara" (A. Askarov, Editor-in-Chief, Ya. Ghulomov).
Information is given in works such as "Ancient Bukhara" (1991), "Bukhara is 2500 years old" (1998) by A. Mukhammadjonov, and in VA Shishkin's monograph "Varakhsha" (1963).
Also, Jamoliddin Mirzaahmedov participated in the investigations conducted in Bukhara for several years and conducted scientific research of the found ceramics. XVII —
In the 17th century, he completed his scientific research on Bukhara saplings. Therefore, the written sources do not provide accurate information about when Bukhara was formed and what the historical topography of the city was like. These issues were clarified only as a result of archeological research and took place in the pages of history.