Preface to the lecture, 1
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phenomenon of transport
H 2 O: the angle of the bond between 2 H molecules = 104,5° angle of the bond in excited state = 109,5°
electron orbital diagram of energy (excited H 2 O) = tetraeder most stable liquid crystal = 8 tetraeder = star of octaeder
Fig. 4.11: Water molecules and water colloids
properties _____________________________________________________________ 73
4.11 Phenomenon of transport The vortex principle is self-similar. This means that the properties of an individual vortex also for the collection of numerous vortices again appear and can he observed in a similar manner. That's why a vortex ball behaves entirely similar as an individual isolated vortex. The same concentration effect, that keeps the vortex together, shows its effect for the vortex ball and keeps it together also.
Something corresponding holds for a basic property of potential vortices, being of a completely different nature. It is the property to bind matter in the vortex and carry it away with the vortex. Well-known are the vortex rings that skilful cigarette smokers can blow in the air. Of course also non-smokers can produce these air eddies with their mouth but these remain invisible. Solely by the property of the vortex ring to bind the smoke it becomes visible to the human eye.
If out potential vortex transports something then it rather should be a dielectric material, so preferably water. Therefore if in the environmental air we are surrounded by potential
vortices that we can detect for instance as noise, then they are capable with their "phenomenon of transport", to pick up water and to keep it in the vortex. In this way the
atmospheric humidity is explicable as the ability of the air particles to bind comparatively heavy water molecules. If the vortex falls apart then it inevitably releases the water
particles and it rains. This is merely a charming alternative for the classical representation without claim to completeness.
Already the Romans have made use of this phenomenon to find water and sources. About this Vitruv (from 23 BC) in his 8th book about architecture writes: "Before sunrise one
has to lie down on the earth at the places, where to search for water,... and one has to look at the area... Then one has to dig at the place where there appears curling and in the air
rising moist steam. Because this characteristic can not occur at a place where there is no water". The at a certain time of day and in certain seasons occasional in meadows and corn
fields observable streaks or circular mostly moist places with differing vegetation, have to be judged as an infallible sign for the existence of this phenomenon.
This phenomenon of transport again appears for the discussed water colloids. The involved water molecules form a spherical object with a negative charge. They turn their
negatively charged side to the outside and point with the positively charged end in the direction of the middle of the sphere. There, no longer discernible from the outside, a
negatively charged ion can be, that is stuck, that no longer can escape and that gives the whole colloid a characteristic property. In this way nature knows various water colloids
that constitute plants and animals. But starting at a temperature of 41°C the liquid crystals fall apart. This not by chance is the temperature at which a person dies. Already 10 millivolts per liquid crystal suffice for the electrically induced death.
The to a colloid identical structure we find in the structure of the atoms. Here the atomic nucleus is held in the inside of a vortex-like cloud of electrons, the atomic hull. We'll hit
the phenomenon of transport a last time, when we derive the elementary particles. For the photon is already discernible the tendency of an elementary vortex, to take another vortex
in its inside. Merely because the electron and positron are evenly matched a stable configuration is prevented for the photon.
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vektoranalysis In chapter vortex calculation used differential operations:
Fig. 5.0: Collection of formulas for vector analysis Derivation and interpretation ____ ____ 75 5. Derivation and interpretation Vortices cause big problems to every measuring technician. They have the unpleasant property to whirl around the sensor even if it is as small as possible. Vortices avoid the smallest disturbance and then can hardly be detected reproducibly.
From the well-known eddy current we know of this problematic. Instead of the vortex, we are forced to measure and analyse any effects that arise from the vortex. These can be measurements of the eddy losses or effects back on the stimulating field. But only provided that the effect actually occurs.
The prerequisite for an increase in temperature by eddy losses is that the vortex falls apart. In an ideal medium it unfortunately will not do us this pleasure.
As vrtex of the dielectric the potential vortex will find fairly ideal conditions in air or in water. How should a vortex be detected, if it does not produce any effect? The classical measuring technique is here at its wits' end.
From the duality to the well-known eddy current and by means of observation in the pre- vious chapters numerous properties of the potential vortex have been derived. But these are not all the properties. The mathematical calculation of the electric vortex field, that we want to turn to now, will reveal still further meaningful and highly interesting properties.
The observation is important, but it can't replace an exact calculation. A strictly mathe- matical derived result has occasionally more expressiveness than a whole book full of explanations. It will be a big help to derive and to discuss the field equation that all considerations are based on.
We facilitate the mathematical work by vector analysis. Therefore it is useful that we choose the differential form (equation 5.1 and 5.4) instead of the integral form (equations
3.1 and 3.2 resp. 3.8). Yüklə 4,22 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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