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field dependent curvature of space
(Model):
Two particles of matter each in the field of the other particle.
Two elementary particles or two accumulations of matter
consisting of these are able to reduce the distance to each
other for reason of their fields, which we interpret as a
force of attraction.
B: (Example): The orbits of the planets in the field of the sun.
Fig. 6.7: The influence of the field on interactions.
theory of objectivity
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6.7 Field dependent curvature of space
Let's assume, an accumulation of matter, as big as our earth, wanted to fly past the sun in
the distance earth-sun. But it would not succeed. Because the
fields arising from the sun
decreases with increasing distance and according to equation 6.15 as a consequence the
size of the particles of matter increases. The planet hence is more strongly contracted on
its side turned towards the sun, as on the turned away "night side". It bends towards the
sun and its flight path becomes a circular path around the sun. That is the interaction
known as gravitation!
To an earth inhabitant this curvature reveals itself merely in the observation that the
duration of sunshine at daytime is longer, than it would be expected to be under the
assumption of the earth as a homogeneous sphere. In this context one willingly speaks of a
curvature of space. Actually it is a curvature of matter under the influence of the field
dependent length contraction.
Exactly this contraction the planets owe their circular orbits around the sun and by no
means the equilibrium of forces between the force of attraction and the centrifugal force
(fig. 6.7 B). It obviously is a fundamental mistake to think that gravitation would causally
be connected with a force effect!
If, in this context, we speak of a force of attraction for the sake of our subjective
observation, then we must realize that it merely can concern an auxiliary term founded in
usefulness.
A thought experiment should bring us clarity (fig. 6.7 A). The field, which surrounds
every particle of matter, reaches till infinity but becomes less effective with increasing
distance. If the distance between two particles is 1, then one particle is in the field of the
other particle. As a consequence of the field the length 1 reduces and in this way the size
determining field increases, which again leads to a further reduction of length etc. As a
consequence it can be observed that both particles are moving towards each other. We
speak of a force of attraction, because we can't register the influence of the field with our
senses.
In this way the consistent result that we and our environment at daytime must be smaller
than in the night will as well remain hidden. We experience the effect only indirectly as
gravitational pull of the earth.
Because we don't see the cause of a subjectively observed force effect, for the
electromagnetic
interaction, just as for the gravitation, the field dependency of the length
contraction will be responsible. Hence the following conclusion holds for both interactions
equally way.
Two elementary particles or two accumulations of matter consisting of these are able to
reduce the distance to each other for reason of their fields, which we interpret as a force
of attraction.
Now the question still is open, why gravitation only knows forces of attraction, whereas
the electromagnetic interaction also permits forces of repulsion and which are the causal
fields for each.
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electromagnetic interaction
A: The field lines of the E-field for unlike charged particles
B: The field lines of the E-field for equal charged particles
The electromagnetic interaction of a particle is a result of
the influence of the open field lines arising from it on the
dimensions of space.
Fig. 6.8: The influence of the open field lines of the E-field
theory of objectivity
109
6.8 Electromagnetic interaction
A convincing answer to the open question provides us the analysis of the course of the
field lines, on the one hand for charged particles and on the other hand for uncharged
particles, which do not participate in the electromagnetic interaction.
If at first we consider electrically charged particles, like e.g. electrons, protons or ions.
Then all in common is that the towards infinity running field lines of the electric field are
open. With this field the particle is able to interact with its environment. We measure a
charge and an electromagnetic force effect. In the case of unequal charges, as is well-
known, a field amplification and attractive acting forces are observed whereas for equal
charges a field reduction results and repulsion is observed.
If we make a connection between the field conditions and the electromagnetic interaction
in the sense of the proportionality (6.15), then the particle in reality is able to influence the
distance to other particles merely with the help of its electric field. For unequal charges a
compression of field lines arises, in which one particle stays in the focussed field of the
other and vice versa. In this way a contraction of all lengths occurs and the observable
attraction happens (fig. 6.8 A).
For equal charges the opposite case is present, in which even a local field freedom can
occur (fig. 6.8 B). If the field tends towards zero on the dashed line, then the distance will
go to infinity (according to eq. 6.15). Consequently, the observable effect that both bodies
go away from each other, will reach to infinity.
Actually the electromagnetic interaction proves to be a result of the field dependent length
contraction.
The electromagnetic interaction of a particle is a result of the influence of the open field
lines arising from it on the dimensions of the space, in which it is.
It is important that the field lines are open, for which reason they are bent away from like
charges and are directed towards unlike charges. Subjectively seen we find out that as a
consequence of the field reduction repulsive force effects and as a consequence of the field
compression attractive acting force effects are observed (fig. 6.8).
The consequence of is every electric field is, as is well-known, a magnetic field standing
perpendicular on it. The field lines of the magnetic field run parallel to the surface of the
particle and have a closed course (fig. 6.9 A)!
Therefore no magnetic poles form, which would be measurable. Seen from the outside the
particle behaves neutral magnetically seen, because of the closed course of the field lines.
An artificial field reduction and as a consequence observable forces of repulsion, like in
the case of the electromagnetic interaction, hence in principle are impossible.
The effect of the magnetic field thus is limited to a geometrical manipulation of the
environment, namely the curvature of space, with which we have founded the
phenomenon of the attraction of masses and of the gravitation.