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PRESTASI DAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG
MEMPENGARUHI BANK-BANK DI INDONESIA
SEBELUM DAN SELEPAS KRISIS KEWANGAN
Oleh
HAMDI AGUSTIN
Tesis ini Diserahkan kepada
Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business,
Universiti Utara Malaysia,
Bagi Memenuhi Syarat Ijazah Doktor Falsafah
January 2015
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PENGHARGAAN
Segala puji-pujian bagi Allah SWT kerana dengan limpah kurniaNya dan
keizinanNya dapat saya menyiapkan disertasi ini. Selawat dan salam kepada
Rasulullah SAW yang telah membuka peradaban manusia dari alam jahiliyah ke alam
keilmuan. Saya ingin merakamkan penghargaan kepada semua pihak sama ada
individu mahupun organisasi yang telah memberikan kerjasama sepanjang pengajian
saya di Universiti Utara Malaysia. Segala bimbingan dan tunjuk ajar Profesor Madya
Dr. Rohani Md. Rus dan Profesor Madya Dr. Kamarun Nisham Bin Taufil Mohd
sehingga penyelidikan ini siap amat saya hargai.
Saya mengambil kesempatan ini juga untuk mengucapkan terima kasih kepada
Profesor Dr. Ir. Hj. Hasan Basri Jumin selaku bekas Rektor Universiti Islam Riau
yang telah memberikan keizinan kepada saya untuk mengikuti pengajian Doktor
Falsafah ini. Tidak ketinggalan, ucapan terima kasih ditujukan kepada Profesor Dr.
Hj. Detri Karya selaku Rektor Universiti Islam Riau atas perhatian yang diberikan
sepanjang tempoh saya melanjutkan pengajian ini. Penghargaan ini juga saya tujukan
kepada pihak Kerajaan Provinsi Riau yang membiayai pengajian saya.
Penghargaan ini juga saya tujukan kepada bonda dan almarhum ayahanda yang tidak
sempat menikmati kejayaan saya. Semoga Allah mencucuri rahmat ke atas kedua-
duanya atas pengorbanan dalam mendidik dan membesarkan saya. Penghargaan ini
juga saya tujukan kepada isteri tersayang Westy Carmelya, dan anak-anak, Lutfia
Ahluljannati Hamdi, Lathifa Miftahuljannati Hamdi dan M. Habibullah Zhafran Al-
Hamdi, di atas sokongan yang diberikan.
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ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to examine whether performance of Indonesian banks is
affected by ownership structures, status of banks, total equity, financial crisis,
economic growth and financial ratios. Banks performance is measured by cost
efficiency and profitability (Data Envelopment Analysis and Profitability (Return on
Assets and Return on Equity). The sample consists of 74 banks namely 56 private
banks, 15 BPDs, and three federal banks from 1995 to 2006. The data was analyzed
using four methods, namely, ordinary least-squares, general least squares, random
effects and tobit regression. Additional analyses were conducted in which extreme
data values were adjusted either by using 0.5 percent truncating approach or three
standard deviations truncating approach. Data analysis was done for all data from
1995 to 2006. To see the impact of the financial crisis, the data is divided into during
and outside crisis periods. The findings from DEA analysis show that government
banks are more efficient than private banks or district development banks and
regression analysis show that district development banks performed better compared
to private banks. The amount of equity affects both the cost efficiency and the
profitability of banks while economic growth, financial crisis, and financial ratios
affect the profitability of banks. Bank
status has no effect on bank performance. This
study contributes significantly to the policy makers. They should not change the
structure of government-owned local banks in Indonesia, ensure that the political
situation is stable, and the economy is well managed. Meanwhile for the bankers, this
study shows that first, managers need to increase the amount of equity capital.
Second, managers should be aware that providing foreign currency services do not
increase bank performance. Third, managers should ensure that the cost is always at
an optimal level and finally, they should consider mergers. In addition, this study also
enriches the literature on the banking industry in Indonesia as it discusses a unique
form of bank ownership in Indonesia, i.e. the district development banks which are
owned by the local government.
Keywords: bank performance, district development banks, ownership structure,
financial crisis.