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Expenses incurred by the Company during the reporting year but related to future reporting periods (payments
under voluntary and mandatory insurance of property and employees, one-off payments to purchase licenses and
other expenses) are recognized as expenses of future periods. These expenses are written-off on a straight-line
basis during the periods to which they relate.
Expenses of future periods to be written-off during the period exceeding twelve months are recognized on the
balance sheet as non-current assets in line 1190 “Other non-current assets”; those to be written-off during twelve
months ― in line 1210 “Inventories”.
1.8 Accounts receivable
Trade receivables are accounted for in the amount of services provided, works performed, and goods dispatched
at justified prices and established tariffs. Settlements with other debtors are recognized for accounting and
reporting purposes based on the contractual prices.
Accounts receivable that are overdue or unlikely to be repaid by the contractual deadlines and are not secured by
guarantees, pledges or otherwise, are recognized on the balance sheet net of doubtful debt provision. The
provision is based on the conservative assessment made by the Company’s management with regard to the
portion of receivables which is unlikely to be repaid.
Doubtful debt provision is made on a quarterly basis as of the end of the respective period. The provision amount
is determined separately based on unbiased information about the solvency of the specific debtor and assessment
of probability of repayment of receivables in full or in part.
Accrual (release) of doubtful debt provision increases other expenses (income).
Uncollectible receivables are written-off when recognized as such. These receivables are recorded in off-
balance-sheet accounts over five years after the debt is written off for monitoring whether there is a possibility of
their collection in case of any changes in the debtor’s property status.
1.9 Cash equivalents and presentation of cash flows in the statement of cash flows
Cash equivalents comprise current highly liquid investments, which are readily convertible into a predictable
amount of cash and are exposed to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
The Company recognizes short-term bank deposits with a maturity of up to three months (not longer than 91
days) within cash equivalents if they are treated as funds used for settlements and repayment of liabilities, not
intended for investment and other purposes.
The Company’s cash flows which cannot be clearly attributed to cash flows from operating, investing or
financing activities are included in the cash flows from operating activities in the statement of cash flows. Such
cash flows include receipts and payments related to financial instruments of forward deals.
The following items are presented on a net basis in the statement of cash flows:
Indirect taxes within receipts from buyers and customers and payments to suppliers and
contractors;
Cash flows used for investing activities and received on repayment of short-term bank
deposits (with a maturity of more than three months) within the same reporting period.
Cash receipts and payments do not include cash flows changing the structure of cash equivalents, but not
changing their total amount.
1.10
Share capital, reserve and additional capital
The Company’s authorized capital is recorded in the amount of the nominal value of equity shares purchased by
shareholders. The authorized capital is equal to the amount specified in the Company’s Charter.
When the authorized capital is increased through additional share placement, transactions associated with the
formation of the authorized capital are accounted for when the respective changes made in the Company’s
constituent documents are registered.
The Company’s additional capital includes share premium resulting from placement of the Company’s shares at
a price exceeding their nominal value and total of additional capital of subsidiaries and associates, merged into
the Company during the 2008 reorganisation.
In accordance with legislation the Company forms a reserve capital in the amount of 5 % of the authorized
capital. The amount of mandatory annual deductions to the reserve capital is 5 % of the Company’s net profit
until it reaches the specified level.
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1.11 Loans and bank credits received
Loans and bank credits are accounted for in accordance with the Russian Accounting Standard "Accounting for
loans and bank credits" (RAS 15/2008).
Loans payable are stated inclusive of interest payable as of the end of the reporting period according to the loan
agreements.
Interest is accrued on a monthly basis at the end of each reporting period. If a lender provides for interest
calculation attributable to different
reporting periods, the amount of interest shall be allocated and included in the
amount payable separately for each month.
Additional expenses incurred in connection with borrowings are charged to expenses of future periods with
subsequent straight-line inclusion in other expenses over the repayment period.
1.12 Estimated liabilities, contingent liabilities and contingent assets
Estimated liabilities
The Company recognizes estimated liability, which meets the recognition criteria established in the Russian
Accounting Standard "Estimated liabilities, contingent liabilities and contingent assets" (RAS 8/2010).
The Company recognizes an estimated liability for earned but unused employee vacations, which is determined
as of the end of the reporting year with reference to the number of unused vacation days of each employee at the
reporting date and employee's
average salary, inclusive of insurance contributions.
Contingent liabilities and contingent assets
Contingent liabilities and contingent assets are not recognized on the balance sheet, but instead are disclosed in
the Notes to the balance sheet and profit and loss statement.
Contingent liability (contingent asset) arises as a result of past business events when existence of a liability
(asset) of the Company at the reporting date depends on the occurrence (non-occurrence) of future uncertain
events, which are beyond the Company's control.
Contingent liability is disclosed in the Notes, except where the likelihood of a decrease in economic benefits
associated therewith is remote. A contingent asset is disclosed in the Notes when inflows associated therewith
are probable. If such values are identifiable the estimated amount or a range of estimated amounts shall be
disclosed.
1.13 Income
Revenue from sales of products (provision of services) is recognized on an accrual basis (as the
products/services are delivered/provided and relevant settlement documents presented to buyers). Revenue is
presented net of value added tax.
Other revenues of the Company include:
Proceeds from sale of property, plant
and equipment, investments and other assets;
Interest received in connection with providing the Company's cash for use, interest for the bank’s use of
cash sitting on the Company’s bank accounts in the bank, interests on the commodity credit and interest
on the acquired interest-bearing notes of third parties ― in accordance with interest provision in the
note when presenting it for payment. The Company recognizes the above income in the statement of
financial results in line 2320 "Interest income";
The Company recognizes income from participation in the share capital of other entities (dividends)
when announced and included in the statement of financial results in line 2310 "Income from
participation in other entities";
Income from transactions with derivatives when the respective trading positions are closed;
Fines, penalties and interest for breaching contractual terms;
Prior year profit identified in the reporting year (considering the requirements of the Russian
Accounting Standard "Correction of errors in accounting and reporting" (RAS 22/2010);
Other proceeds (income) according to the Russian Accounting Standard "Income of an organisation"
(RAS 9/99) (including income in the form of insurance indemnity).
1.14 Expenses
Accounting for expenses is regulated by the Russian Accounting Standard "Expenses of Organisation" (RAS
10/99), under which the Company's expenses are divided into general expenses and other expenses.